Timothy W. v. Rochester, New Hampshire, School District (1989)

Posted on June 23, 2022 | by Dan

Write a paper with pictures and headings that tells the story through writing.
In your research, go in depth on the human aspect of each case.

Tell about what happened to cause the legal action. Tell the story.
Tell what is sought by the family, individual or advocacy group and why.
Tell what is sought by the government of school district and why.
Tell about the ruling and its impact on the parties involved in the court case.
Tell how the ruling affected or still affects schooling, society and you as a teacher

Sample Solution

ling pathway activation [REF Tabas I. 1997 & 2002 4,5]. It is therefore that the majority of the cholesterol found in the body exists in its more stable, less cytotoxic, esterified form (cholesteryl esters (CE)) that take up about 2/3 of the serum cholesterol. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) drives the esterification of a FC molecule in plasma, adding a single fatty acid to the hydroxyl group [REF 6 glomset 1968]. The conversion of un-esterified cholesterol towards CE enables cells to store and transport cholesterol, without the risk of FC induced cytotoxicity [REF]. Upon hydrolyzation by cholesteryl ester hydrolase, cholesterol and free fatty acids are regained for further biosynthesis [REF 36 goedeke]. Besides the eminent role in animal cellular membrane modulation, cholesterol influences a range of pathways i.a. as the precursor for hormone steroidogenesis [REF] and bile acids [REF], plays a significant role in transmembrane signalling [REF] and cellular proliferation [REF fernandez 7]. Despite the functional diversity between cholesterol using pathways, acquisition of cholesterol follows, for most mammalian cells, a comparable pattern. Cellular cholesterol is either de novo synthesized or derived from exogenous uptake from the circulation. 3 LIPID METABOLISM 3.1 DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL De novo synthesis of cholesterol is mainly found in vertebrates and in low amounts in plants, (not in prokaryotes) [REF Behrman EJ, 2005 8] and derived via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. The MVA is a fundamental metabolic network providing essential elements for normal cellular metabolism and executed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasm of a cell. Despite the presence of MVA pathway in almost all animal cells, the contribution per organ differs. The human brain generates vast amounts of de novo synthesized cholesterol, approximately 20% of the total cholesterol pool and primary FC, mainly found in myelin sheaths that insulate axons [REF dietschy turley 2004 9]. Moreover, the hepatic contribution to the cholesterol pool derived from de novo synthesis varies per species, hepatic cells in mice contribute approximately 40% to the whole cholesterol synthesis, while human liver cells adds only 10% to the total pool [REF Dietschy turley 2001 10 REF 30 Goedeke ]. The MVA-pathway is a highly controlled enzymatic process, resulting in the stepwise formation of FC [REF reviewed by 11 tricarico 2015 16067-16084]. The newly formed cellular cholesterol is either directly used as a precursor for metabolites (bile acids, steroids, water soluble vitamins, included in the membrane) or converted towards CE by acyl-Co A acyl transferase (ACAT) and either effluxed towards the plasma compartment or stored in lipid droplets [REF 12 35 goedeke]. The stored CE within lipid droplets can be converted into FC by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)[REF]. Since appropriate cellular cholesterol levels are critical for normal cell metabolism, the regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels are tightly controlled by feedback m

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