A relationship

What is a relationship, and what three types of relationships exist? Provide a real world/application example for each of the three types of relationships.

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Sample Answer

A relationship is a connection or association between two or more entities. In mathematics, a relationship is a rule that maps elements from one set to elements of another set.

There are three main types of relationships:

  • Functional relationships: A functional relationship is a relationship where each element in the first set is associated with exactly one element in the second set. For example, the relationship between a person’s name and their age is a functional relationship.
  • Non-functional relationships: A non-functional relationship is a relationship where each element in the first set may be associated with zero, one, or more elements in the second set. For example, the relationship between a person’s name and their friends is a non-functional relationship.

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  • Equivalence relationships: An equivalence relationship is a relationship where each element in the first set is associated with exactly the same elements in the second set. For example, the relationship between a person’s name and their social security number is an equivalence relationship.

Here are some real world examples of each type of relationship:

  • Functional relationship: The relationship between a person’s name and their age is a functional relationship. Each person has a unique name and a unique age.
  • Non-functional relationship: The relationship between a person’s name and their friends is a non-functional relationship. A person may have zero, one, or more friends.
  • Equivalence relationship: The relationship between a person’s name and their social security number is an equivalence relationship. Each person has a unique social security number, and no two people have the same social security number.

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