Approved vaccines to SARS-CoV-2

Currently there are two approved vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 being distributed globally that rely
on new messenger RNA technology, one developed by ModernaTX and the other by
Pfizer/BioNTech. Discuss how these vaccines elicit an anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response,
from mobilizing innate immunity to generating adaptive T and B cell memory.

Suggested articles for reading are:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2022483
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2798-3

In your paper, you should answer/discuss the following questions:

  1. How do the two vaccines differ from other vaccines that have been or are currently being
    used to immunize against other pathogens (eg. mumps, pertussis, small pox, varicella
    zoster, etc)?
  2. How does a vaccine work? Explain why is it preferable to be vaccinated rather than be
    infected with the pathogen itself?
  3. Distinguish between vaccines that induce sterilizing immunity versus vaccines that
    prevent disease but do not prevent infection. Do these mRNA-vaccines induce sterilizing
    immunity?

Sample Solution