Assignment: Cox Proportional Hazard

  Order Description   Cox Proportional Hazards While the Kaplan-Meier Curve allows you to in" rel="nofollow">infer a relationship between a sin" rel="nofollow">ingle exposure and survival times, it is a univariate test, so cannot take in" rel="nofollow">into account the effects of confounders on the relationship of exposure to time-to-event. Cox Proportional Hazards (CPH) is a form of regression analysis that compares hazard rates across multiple exposures or risks. It uses a censorin" rel="nofollow">ing variable and accounts for time-to-event in" rel="nofollow">in order to evaluate longitudin" rel="nofollow">inal data. The output of Cox Proportional Hazards in" rel="nofollow">in SPSS and other statistical software is known as the hazard ratio. The hazard ratio provides in" rel="nofollow">information about risk, for example: A group of oncologists is considerin" rel="nofollow">ing a treatment for one of their cancer patients. They review a study that tested a new medication for the same type and stage of cancer that this patient has. Among the results, they fin" rel="nofollow">ind that patients were twice as likely to experience complications while takin" rel="nofollow">ing the treatment as those who did not use it. This fin" rel="nofollow">indin" rel="nofollow">ing is represented as a hazard ratio of 2 associated with the use of this treatment, and it gives the oncologists critical in" rel="nofollow">information as they consider treatment options for their patient. This week, you examin" rel="nofollow">ine Cox Proportional Hazards and its application in" rel="nofollow">in public health research. Students will: • Analyze the use of proportional hazards in" rel="nofollow">in research • Compare the use of logistic regression and proportional hazards • Analyze censor variables and time-to-event • Apply methods to perform Cox Proportional Hazards test • Interpret results of Cox Proportional Hazards test For this Assignment, you review the media titled, “Cox Proportional Hazards” in" rel="nofollow">in this week’s Learnin" rel="nofollow">ing Resources. The media highlights Dr. Diane Neal’s research, which used CPH to compare risk of fetal death durin" rel="nofollow">ing ante- and in" rel="nofollow">intrapartum periods based on prenatal care exposure. You compare CPH to logistic regression. With these thoughts in" rel="nofollow">in min" rel="nofollow">ind: Post, fin" rel="nofollow">ind and discuss the followin" rel="nofollow">ing key elements of the article you selected: • Identify variables: in" rel="nofollow">independent variable(s), dependent variable(s), and confounders • What was the research question? • Why was Cox Proportional Hazards used? • What was the main" rel="nofollow">in result(s)? • What was the in" rel="nofollow">interpretation? • What are your thoughts on the limitation(s) of the study? For the Assignment Cohen, H. W., Hailpern, S. M., & Alderman, M. H. (2008). Sodium in" rel="nofollow">intake and mortality follow-up in" rel="nofollow">in the third National Health and Nutrition Examin" rel="nofollow">ination Survey (NHANES III). Journal of General Internal Medicin" rel="nofollow">ine, 23(9), 1297–1302. Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Kwok, J., Langevin" rel="nofollow">in, S. M., Argiris, A., Grandis, J. R., Goodin" rel="nofollow">ing, W. E., & Taioli, E. (2010). The impact of health in" rel="nofollow">insurance status on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer. Cancer, 116(2), 476–485. Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Marshall, N. S., Wong, K. K. H., Liu, P. Y., Cullen, S. R. J., Knuiman, M. W., & Grunstein" rel="nofollow">in, R. R. (2008). Sleep apnea as an in" rel="nofollow">independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: The Busselton Health Study. Sleep, 31(8), 1079–1085. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542953/. Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bin" rel="nofollow">ingham, S., Welch, A., Luben, R., & Day, N. (2008). Combin" rel="nofollow">ined impact of health behaviours and mortality in" rel="nofollow">in men and women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PLOS Medicin" rel="nofollow">ine, 5(1), e12. Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.