Can an argument be valid

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: write 1-3 sentences (up to a paragraph) OR answer true or false or yes or no. Each question varies in what it is worth. The more points a question is worth, the more time you should spend answering it. ________________________________________ 1. Can an argument be valid, but unsound? 2 points Yes, an argument can be valid 2. Which of the following arguments is valid? 8 points 1. If P, then Q 1. If P, then Q 2. P is true 2. Q is true 3. Therefore, Q is true 3. Therefore, P is true 1. If P, then Q 1. If P, then Q 2. Q is false 2. P is false, 3. Therefore P is false 3. Therefore Q is false 3. Say which of the following arguments are FALLACIOUS, INVALID, or VALID. Don’t forget that an argument may be valid without having a true conclusion: 8 points a) “All humans are robots, I am a human, therefore I am a robot.” b) “The ‘Promise Program’ helps kids in trouble to avoid jail or juvenile detention. The Florida school shooter was in the Promise Program. Therefore the Promise Program doesn’t work and should be ended.” c) “If Smith forgot his umbrella, then he will get wet. Smith got wet, therefore he forgot his umbrella.” d) If Joe lives in Los Angeles, then he lives in California, and Joe does live in Los Angeles; therefore he lives in California. 4. Does Locke believe in innate knowledge? Yes or No. 2 points 5. Briefly describe Descartes’ two arguments for why he should doubt the information given to him via his senses. 4 points 6. ‘Incompatibilism’ says that free will and determinism cannot both be true. True or False? 2 points 7. Describe the thesis of ‘Determinism’ in the philosophy of Free Will. 4 points 8. Does Searle’s ‘Chinese Room’ argument succeed in what it is supposed to show? Explain your answer. 4 points 9. Write a short paragraph describing Descartes’ arguments for why Mind and Body are distinct substances. 4 points 10. In the ‘Apology’, why does Socrates think it is important to continue to question people on philosophical issues, even when he is faced with death? 4 points 11. Write a short paragraph describing differences between Rationalism and Empiricism. 4 points 12. Write a paragraph explaining Descartes’ ‘Method of Doubt’. 4 points 13. Descartes believed that there exist two substances. True or false? 2 points 14. The Rationalists believe that knowledge of colors and tastes and sounds etc. are innate. True or false? 2 points 15. Aristotle believes that virtue is something that is learned, not something one is either born with or without. True or false? 2 points 16. If you are a Virtue ethicist, you should practice virtuous acts because it will bring you money and power. True or False? 2 points 17. How does Aristotle suggest one work out how to be virtuous? 2 points 18. ‘Eudaimonia’, for Aristotle, is a life full of only pleasure and doing as one pleases. True or false? 2 points 19. For Aristotle, we must aim our behavior at the ‘mean’ between excess and deficiency. Can you give an example of what he means? 4 points 20. What is the connection between free will and morality? 4 points 21. What is the ‘Brain in a Vat’ thought-experiment about? 4 points 22. What is the ‘Turing Test’, and what is it supposed to show? 4 points 23. What is the difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge? 4 points 24. Describe Locke’s view as to how we acquire knowledge of the world through experience. 4 points 25. Describe the Rationalist’s ‘Innate Knowledge’ thesis. 4 points 26. Is the mind a non-physical substance? Explain your view. 4 points 27. Describe Descartes argument that he knows for certain that he exists. 4 points 28. Does he know of his existence via his senses? Yes or No. 2 points.                                                                                                                                                  

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