CAPM, Cost of Capital and the Capital Structure

        1. Explain this statement from the article: "Of course, the cost of debt is more explicit in the form of interest expense, while the cost of equity is more abstract as the returns that shareholders require". 2. The article shows that interest and dividend income from Apples investment portfolios is $654 million. Does this income cover the financial cost of debt? Please also explain what investment income means. 3. Is Apple issuing bonds in markets other than the US, and in other currencies than the US dollar? If so, please give an example. Could you explain why Apple would be willing to issue bonds in Euros as well as in US dollars?