Case report on Alterations in Immune Function

1. Compose a 150 words response to two of the following questions. 1. Alterations in Immune Function a. How do type 1, 2, 3, and 4 hypersensitivity reactions differ according to mechanism of action? b. What are the clinical features of the common immunodeficiency disorder? 2. Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells a. How do the various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and plasma cell myelomas differ based on malignant transformation? b. Why are malignant disorders of white blood cells commonly associated with bone marrow depression? 3. Alterations in Oxygen Transport a. How are history and clinical manifestations used to differentiate the various forms of anemia and polycythemia? 4. Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation a. What findings from the patient history, physical examination, or lab studies would indicate a possible bleeding disorder? b. What are the common causes of platelet dysfunction due to quantity and quality? c. What are the common causes of inherited and acquired coagulation disorders? 5. Alterations in Blood Flow a. What are the clinical consequences of acute and chronic arterial obstructions and how do they develop? b. What are the causes and clinical consequences of superficial and deep venous obstructions? 2. G. H. is a 26-year-old male who was involved in a serious motorcycle accident that fractured his vertebrae and compressed his spinal cord at the level of T8. Answer the following questions: 1. What is spinal shock? How long can it last? Why is it difficult to determine the degree of injury and impairment during this time frame? 2. Immediately after this injury, what should you expect to occur for each of the following: 1. Range of movement for his arms? For his legs? Why? 2. Spastic or flaccid paralysis? Why? 3. Bowel and/or bladder dysfunction? Why or why not? 4. Breathing difficulties? Why or why not? 3. After the period of spinal shock, what changes should you expect to see (if any) in the manifestations listed in #2 above? 4. What type of rehabilitative treatments might G. H. need to promote his recovery and return to function? 5. If G. H. has mild-to-moderate chronic back pain one year after his accident, explain the pain management medications you would suggest to improve his quality of life and why you selected those particular medications.      

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