Case Study: Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome

A 48-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency room. Her family states she has been ill for 5 days with vomiting and diarrhea. She has been unable to take fluids for the past 2 days. She has no past major medical problems. Family history is positive for type 2 diabetes in her mother and sister. She takes no medications. On physical examination: BP 110/80, P 96, R 22, BMI 34 Skin: dry with decreased turgor HEENT: oral mucous membranes are dry Lungs: clear to auscultation Heart: regular rhythm with no murmur Abdomen: soft bowel sounds present, no masses On admission, the following laboratory tests were done: Fasting blood sugar 250 Total cholesterol 265 Triglycerides 185 High Density Lipoprotein 35 Urine Specific gravity 1.028 Ketones positive The physician made a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. 1. If a child is diagnosed with type II diabetes, what teaching is needed toprevent long-term complications throughout the child’s lifespan?  

Sample Solution