Depicting Quantitative Data

A staff member of a city parks and recreation department wanted to collect data to determine how people might differ in their use of a city park in different seasons. She positioned six of her interns at different spots in the city park on three different days/times to identify fall, spring, and summer use. At each of these data collection sessions, the interns were instructed to write down the major activity for the first 100 people they saw. They later classified their activity observation as falling within one of the following categories: exercising, socializing with friends, spending time with family, enjoying nature, being alone, other. The following table shows the results – the numbers of people (the same as percentages since there are 100 persons for each season) in each activity category for each season.

Park Activity

SEASON OF THE YEAR

Park Activity FALL SPRING SUMMER

Exercise 14 25 22

Socializing 17 16 32

Family Time 23 31 18

Enjoy Nature 15 8 12

Being Alone 28 14 8

Other 3 6 8

Choose 3 different ways (types of graphs) of depicting the data.
Which type of graph do you think most clearly and accurately portrays the findings? Why?
Which type of graph do you think would most clearly depict your findings to the general public?
Write a brief descriptive paragraph in words summarizing the findings of the study.

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Sample Answer

 

 

 

 

1. Bar Chart (Grouped/Clustered):

This type of chart would have the park activities on the horizontal axis and the number of people (or percentage) on the vertical axis. For each activity, there would be three separate bars representing Fall, Spring, and Summer side-by-side.

        35|
          |     S
        30|    PR
          |   L I
        25|  E N
          | X G
        20| E
          | R
        15| C  E   F
          | I  N   A
        10| S  J   M
          | E  O   I
         5|   Y   L
          +----------------------- Park Activity -----------------------
           Exercise Socializing Family Time Enjoy Nature Being Alone Other

(Note: This is a simplified text-based representation. A real bar chart would have properly scaled axes and labeled bars for each season.)

2. Line Graph (Multiple Lines):

This type of graph would have the seasons (Fall, Spring, Summer) on the horizontal axis and the number of people (or percentage) on the vertical axis. Each park activity would be represented by a different colored line connecting the data points for each season.

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

 

 

5|
          |     * (Socializing)
        30|    / \
          |   /   \ * (Family Time - Spring)
        25|  * \
          | /       \
        20|/         \
          |           * (Exercise - Spring & Summer)
        15|* \
          |              * (Enjoy Nature - Fall)
        10|               \       * (Being Alone - Summer)
         5|                * (Other - Spring & Summer)
          +----------------------- Season -----------------------
           Fall        Spring        Summer

(Note: This is a simplified text-based representation. A real line graph would have properly scaled axes, labeled lines for each activity, and distinct markers for data points.)

3. Stacked Bar Chart:

This type of chart would have the seasons on the horizontal axis and the total number of people (100) represented by the height of each bar. Within each bar, different colored segments would represent the proportion of people engaged in each activity for that season.

      100|
         | ^^^^^ (Other - Summer)
         | ----- (Being Alone - Summer)
         | ===== (Enjoy Nature - Summer)
         | +++++ (Family Time - Summer)
         | ..... (Socializing - Summer)
         | xxxxx (Exercise - Summer)
       ----+----------------------- Season -----------------------
          Fall        Spring        Summer

      100|
         | ^^^ (Other - Spring)
         | --- (Being Alone - Spring)
         | === (Enjoy Nature - Spring)
         | +++ (Family Time - Spring)
         | ... (Socializing - Spring)
         | xxx (Exercise - Spring)
       ----+----------------------- Season -----------------------
          Fall        Spring        Summer

      100|
         | ^^^ (Other - Fall)
         | --- (Being Alone - Fall)
         | === (Enjoy Nature - Fall)
         | +++ (Family Time - Fall)
         | ... (Socializing - Fall)
         | xxx (Exercise - Fall)
       ----+----------------------- Season -----------------------
          Fall        Spring        Summer

(Note: This is a simplified text-based representation. A real stacked bar chart would have distinct colors/patterns for each activity and a legend.)

Which type of graph do you think most clearly and accurately portrays the findings? Why?

The grouped bar chart (option 1) most clearly and accurately portrays the findings for comparison across seasons for each specific activity. It allows for a direct visual comparison of how the number of people engaging in “Exercise,” “Socializing,” “Family Time,” etc., changes from Fall to Spring to Summer. The separate bars for each season make it easy to see the magnitude of the differences for each activity.

Which type of graph do you think would most clearly depict your findings to the general public?

A simplified grouped bar chart would likely be the most clear for the general public as well. It’s easily understandable and visually intuitive. The general public can quickly grasp the differences in activity participation across the seasons for each category without needing to interpret lines or proportions within a single bar. Using clear labels and perhaps contrasting colors for the seasons would further enhance its accessibility.

Write a brief descriptive paragraph in words summarizing the findings of the study.

The study reveals distinct patterns in park usage across the three seasons. Exercise sees the highest participation in Spring, followed by Summer, and the lowest in Fall. Socializing is most popular in the Summer, with similar levels in Fall and Spring. Family time peaks in the Spring, followed by Fall, and is least common in the Summer. Enjoying nature sees the most activity in the Fall and the least in the Spring. Being alone is most prevalent in the Fall and significantly decreases in Spring and Summer. The “Other” category remains relatively low across all seasons, with a slight increase in Spring and Summer. Overall, Spring appears to be a popular time for active and family-oriented park use, Summer sees a surge in socializing, while Fall attracts more individuals seeking solitary enjoyment of nature.

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