Choose one of the diagnoses in the DSM-5 to use as an example for this writing assignment.
Write a brief introduction that identifies the diagnosis, symptoms, and general recommended treatment options.
Describe how someone could possibly fabricate the symptoms of this diagnosis.
Identify the reasons why someone might be motivated to fake the chosen disorder.
If applicable, identify multicultural implications.
State whether or not you believe that someone could go undetected with a fabricated diagnosis. Give an example.
Summarize how the misdiagnosis and faking of a disorder could impact those with accurate diagnosis and the stigma associated with mental illness.
Full Answer Section
Fabricating Symptoms:
- Exaggerating or inventing neurologic symptoms, such as reporting numbness, weakness, or seizures without any underlying medical cause
- Manipulating physical movements or sensations to mimic neurologic symptoms
- Providing false or misleading information to healthcare providers about symptom onset, severity, or duration
Motivations:
- Primary gain: Obtaining tangible benefits, such as financial compensation or disability benefits, through the symptoms
- Secondary gain: Avoiding unwanted responsibilities or gaining attention and sympathy from others by portraying themselves as ill
- Expression of psychological distress: Symptoms may serve as a way to express or cope with underlying emotional or psychological issues
Multicultural Implications:
- Cultural beliefs and expressions of illness may influence the presentation of conversion symptoms, making it more challenging to identify fabricated symptoms in individuals from diverse backgrounds
- Stigma associated with mental illness in certain cultures may deter individuals from seeking help, increasing the likelihood of undetected conversion disorder cases
Undetected Fabrication:
- Perpetrators may be skilled at mimicking neurologic symptoms and providing convincing narratives to healthcare providers, making it difficult to discern genuine illness from fabrication
- The complexity of neurological symptoms and the lack of definitive diagnostic tests can make it challenging to determine whether symptoms are organic or functional
Impact of Misdiagnosis and Faking:
- Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary medical investigations, potential harm from inappropriate treatments, and delayed proper care for genuine neurologic conditions
- Faking a disorder can erode trust in healthcare providers and make it more difficult for individuals with genuine neurological conditions to receive adequate treatment
- Stigma associated with mental illness can be reinforced when individuals fake disorders, perpetuating negative stereotypes and hindering efforts to promote mental health awareness and support
Example:
An athlete, facing career-ending injuries, intentionally fabricates neurological symptoms, such as tremors and weakness, to deceive healthcare providers and obtain disability benefits. As a result, the athlete undergoes unnecessary medical evaluations and receives inappropriate treatments, while their genuine physical limitations are overlooked. The athlete's actions also contribute to the stigma associated with conversion disorder and make it more difficult for individuals with genuine neurological conditions to seek help.
Sample Answer
Diagnosis: Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Symptoms:
- Neurologic symptoms that are inconsistent with a known neurologic disorder
- Symptoms are not explained by a medical condition or substance use
- Symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in functioning
General Recommended Treatment Options:
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychodynamic therapy to address underlying psychological factors
- Physical therapy: Rehabilitation exercises to improve functioning and reduce symptom severity
- Medication: Antidepressants or antianxiety medications may be used to manage emotional distress and symptom severity