Ernest Hemingway, Kate Chopin and contemporary writer Zadie Smith

Modern writers such as Ernest Hemingway, Kate Chopin and contemporary writer Zadie Smith were reacting to an increasingly complex and changing world; there was a sense that “new ideas needed to be expressed in new ways,” and often their stories were told in “…very gritty or realistic ways” (Kirszner&Mandell 126-127). How do Hemingway, Smith, and Chopin’s essays show us a changing world? Hint: what are the “new things” they write about, or what is being communicated in a very “gritty, realistic way”? What kinds of changes are they suggesting?

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