Read pages 178-180 "Evaluating Probabilistic Generalizations," which is about evaluating data and polls, etc.
To evaluate the logical strength of probabilistic generalizations, we need to do more than find one or two counterexamples. We must, instead, determine whether the sampling of cases reported in the premises is adequate to support the probabilistic inferences that are drawn. This means asking four questions and finding satisfactory answers to each:
Was the correct group sampled?
Were the data obtained in an effective way?
Were enough cases considered?
Was the sample representatively structured?
Sample Solution