two tasks:
task 1- Task 1 Articles: The two articles (one quantitative and one qualitative) do not have to be on the same topic and should be published within the past five years.
Note:
Please upload the full text version of all articles used in these two tasks with your submission, not in your paper, but as separate attachments. You do not need to run the Turnitin report for the articles you selected since they will match 100% to the published article. Please do run the Turnitin on your own work in your paper and matrix.
How do I run the Turnitin report?
Turnitin video (under 30% and no more than 10% to a single source):
Please view the library video found in Module 3 along with the toolkits for selecting articles. The library video shows you step by step how to select articles for task 1 (first two examples). Do not choose an article that is a “review”, “protocol”, “pilot”, “mixed-method”, “quality-improvement project”, “retrospective”, “case control”, pilot, or “feasibility” or “cost-benefit”. You must read through the articles to see if these words appear in the article and you must be sure the researchers conducted the data collection. These two articles should be single primary research studies.
We are happy to discuss article selection concepts for this course with you. Please schedule a call with your assigned CI if you have questions about your articles.
XAP1 Task 1 overview and suggestions for each section:
Use the task instructions found in Taskstream to set up your paper and then read below to get guidance on what to include in each section of the task. If you don’t want to use the A and B tables, be sure to include the headings for each prompt in the A1 and B1 tables.
For the A & B sections below, please include the content aspects suggested for each section:
A1 Quantitative Article/B1 Qualitative Article
Place full APA citation here to document your competency to format a full APA citation. Make this a full reference in “hanging indent” style. Consider using the email tool from the library video to email yourself the properly formatted APA citation.
A1/B1 Background or Introduction
What did the author state as the purpose of the research? (in your own words) (3 sentences)
A1/B1 Review of the Literature
First find the literature review section of the article. If there is not a section called literature review then the author may have described the past research in the introduction/background section of the paper. Typically the authors present what they reviewed in past literature (research studies) within groups of topics. List what topics they presented, and how many research articles they cited from the past research using in text citations in that section only. For example; “The article did not have a section called literature review. The author discussed past publications in the introduction section. The author cited 10 past publications. The topics of past publications included …” Note: THIS IS NOT A REVIEW OF THE WHOLE ARTICLE- just a description of what the authors cited as evidence of the problem. (1 paragraph)
A1/B1 Data Analysis
For quantitative studies: How did the researchers analyze the data collected? (Chapter 6, p. 103 - 107) What statistical test was used to compare the groups (analyses or results section)? What analysis was discussed? For quantitative studies examples include T-Test, ANOVA, Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, Chi-Square or descriptive statistics like frequencies, prevalence, and rates or incidence. For qualitative studies: the data is interviews or focus groups and these are recorded and transcribed then analyzed for content and themes. If it is a small sample, the subjective responses of the participants are usually reported without coding or analyses. (3-5 sentences)
Discussion of Methodology
State the type and the subtype and how the study was carried out. You will want to talk about the major type of research (qualitative or quantitative) and the subtype (such as descriptive). Also, give a brief description of how they carried out the study type/subtype; for example, “One hundred patients were randomly assigned to teach back discharge instructions or the usual discharge instructions, then given a call after discharge to determine their compliance and satisfaction with the method of teaching at discharge.”
Quantitative (Chapter 6, p. 89 -100) — Try to choose a randomized controlled trial. subtypes that are most commonly mentioned include cohort studies, descriptive, randomized controlled trials (experimental), and quasi-experimental subtypes. Do not choose a retrospective or case control study because they are not primary research. Do not choose a review, pilot, protocol, feasibility, cost benefit, mixed method, or quality improvement project article.
or
Qualitative (Chapter 6, p. 100 - 103)- Make sure the researcher conducted the interviews or focus groups. Subtypes- some are grounded theory, phenomenology, and also descriptive subtypes. Do not choose a review, pilot, protocol, feasibility, cost benefit, mixed method or quality improvement project article. (3-5 sentences)
A2. & B2. Researcher’s Conclusion
Evaluate how each of the four sections of the research report described above (1 sentence each) supports the outcome of the study and implications for future research (section 5) For example, “The introduction supports the author's conclusion that … The literature review section supports the author’s conclusion that … The methods was appropriate to find the result of … The data analyses supported the author's finding that …" Approximately 5 - 7 sentences total should be enough.
A3. & B3. Protection and Considerations
Read Module 4.4 articles on ethical considerations for research. Describe what the author stated regarding informed consent and Institutional Review Board approval (ethical review). Identify the ethical principles that the researcher should have addressed prior to the study. For example, what considerations should the researchers have addressed regarding informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, etc. for the specific subjects in the studies you chose to critique. (1 – 2 paragraphs)
A4. & B4. Strengths and Limitations
Mention both strengths AND limitations. The strengths and limitations refer to the study design, not to the procedures or interventions being studied in the articles. Consider things like sample size, level of research, quality of research, sampling strategy, and study design. Also, consider what the author has stated in the last few sections of the research report regarding strengths and limitations of the research. (1 – 2 paragraphs)
A5. & B5. Evidence Application
Please discuss how the results of the study you selected impacts or informs nursing practices. (1 – 2 paragraphs)
References rules for in text citations and reference page:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GW0RykmxqgZvefpedrigqPt7oHNNBwfMVKEVv149sSs/edit?usp=sharing
Here is how the paper is set up with the headings for the A and B sections:
A1; Quantitative Article
Background or Introduction
Review of the Literature
Data Analysis
Discussion of Methodology
Quantitative: Conclusions
Quantitative: Protection and Considerations
Quantitative: Strengths and Limitations
Quantitative: Evidence Application
B1; Qualitative Article
Background or Introduction
Review of the Literature
Data Analysis
Discussion of Methodology
Qualitative: Conclusions
Qualitative: Protection and Considerations
Qualitative: Strengths and Limitations
Qualitative: Evidence Application
TASK 2- Task 2 Articles: These articles must be published within the last 5 years. All seven articles should focus on a single intervention.
Note:
Please upload the full text version of all articles used in these two tasks with your submission. You do not need to run the Turnitin report for the articles you selected since they will match 100% to the published article. Please do run Turnitin on your own work in your paper and matrix prior to submission.
How do I run the Turnitin report?
Turnitin video (originality must be under 30% overall and not more than 10% to a single source for both the paper and the matrix):
Please view the library video found in Module 3. Please use the library video examples to select the 7 articles for this task. Remember you can use primary research, secondary research (systematic and integrative reviews), quantitative, and qualitative studies as research in this task. Use the task instruction headings to set up your paper. Use the email tool in the library to set up your reference page (see using email tool in the library video).
We are happy to review article selection concepts for this course with you. Please schedule a call with your assigned CI. You need 5 research articles (level 1-3) and 2 non-research articles (level 4-5) that support a single intervention. See toolkits below to help you with levels and types. For example, if your topic is falls, and your intervention is “patient education on fall risk”, then all your articles have to support education on fall risks. See example search terms for research and non-research articles below.
Here is a list of topics to consider.
Here are some search words that will focus on a single intervention for each topic. Remember, research articles must have a methods section. You should consider trying these exact search words to begin the search.
hand hygiene education (try not to use this topic)
patient education on fall risk
patient education on smoking cessation
patient education to prevent heart failure readmission
non-pharmacological behavioral interventions to reduce pain
non-pharmacological behavioral interventions to reduce anxiety
pet assisted therapy
palliative care education
patient education to prevent elective C-section
skin to skin to improve breastfeeding compliance
prophylactic dressings to prevent pressure ulcer
motivational interviewing
dialectical behavioral therapy
Articles with the word review in the title are good for task 2 research articles as long as they review research studies (Systematic or Integrative reviews), see chapter 6 & 7. The sample size for a review article is the number of studies reviewed. Always start from the home page of the library to begin your search:
For the non-research studies add a second search term to the second row of the search tab as shown below. You may want to begin by searching for the non-research articles as they can be a bit more challenging to review, and remember not to select an article with the words Systematic review or Integrative review in the title as a non-research study (see chapter 6 & 7). Pilot studies and feasibility studies are considered non-research. Articles without a methods section are non-research. Try to select articles for consideration that have the non-research search terms shown below in the title and/or subjects.
pilot
quality improvement
practice guideline
consensus panel
CNE
Commentary
expert opinion
After you have selected your 5 research articles, consider using each of the non-research search words above in the second row as shown here:
See suggestions below for each section of the task
A1. Healthcare Problem This is a description/definition of the problem. You should not describe the intervention. (1 paragraph)
A2. Significance of Problem This is a couple points that discuss the significance of the problem. For example, increased length of stay, increased pain, decreased satisfaction, and slowed healing. (1 paragraph)
A3. Current Practice This section should identify a current practice and describe it. (1 paragraph)
A4. Impact of problem This is a discussion of a couple points on how the problem affects the workplace culture. For example, increased stress, increased pressure, and stigma related to not feeling empowered to deal with the identified problem. Think of 2-3 ways the problem affects the workplace culture. (1 paragraph)
B1. Describe 2 of the 5 research and the 2 non-research. (Chapters 6 & 7). You can use 2 of your five research articles here to represent the 2 research studies. Be sure to state if the publication is a research or non-research evidence. Do not use an article with the words systematic review or integrative review in the title as an example of non-research evidence. This will be 4 paragraphs describing the 2 research and 2 non-research studies found during the search. Each paragraph should include the in-text citation for that article, for example:
The first research study found … (Smith & Jones, 2014).
Then write a few sentences about that research study and do the same for the other 3 articles. Review the research evidence appraisal toolkit and Chapter 6 for the research evidence articles.
Review the non-research evidence appraisal toolkit and Chapter 7 for the non-research evidence articles.
References rules
C. PICO Question (Chapter 4) Construct the question that relates to the intervention that is supported by the chosen research articles (Module Video 2.4 and Toolkit, Appendix B).
Here is a question template using the intervention and the problem to compose the question (Example: Does hand hygiene education lower the problem of nosocomial infections as compared to the current practice of PPE use?):
Does (intervention) lower the problem of (problem) as compared to the current practice of (name a current practice)?
D. Evidence Matrix. Download the matrix from the course of study under the assessment tab. Enter the 5 research articles in the table using the level and quality guide toolkit to determine the quality. The research design/type should be quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, or systematic review. The sample size for systematic review studies are the number of articles reviewed. Please read chapter 6 & 7 and be sure not to include non research evidence such as quality improvement projects or pilot studies in the table (Module Video 3 Toolkit, Appendix C: Level and quality guide). See matrix column headings with explanation below:
Author names- The names of the authors as they appear on the reference;
Journal Name- The name of the journal NOT the title of the article;
Research design- quantitative, qualitative, mixed method, systematic review;
Sample size; The number of people in the study. For systematic reviews, it is the number of articles included in the final review
Outcome variable- What the research is trying to measure or change or improve;
Quality- See module 3 toolkits appendix C;
Results/Author’s Suggested Conclusions- Write a couple sentences on how the research supports the intervention being recommended (in your own words)
E. Recommended Practice Change. This section should be a minimum of 6 sentences. The first sentence names the single intervention that all the articles in the matrix support. For example, “The evidence supports that patient education on fall risk lowers falls.” Then write one sentence each for the 5 the studies in the matrix on how each article used education as an intervention to lower falls. Each of the sentences must include an in-text citation for that research study. For example, Intentional rounding was shown to decrease falls significantly over 3 months (Smith, Rogers, & Stein, 2014).
(1-2 paragraphs)
References rules
References Video for help with in text citations (2 minutes)
F1. Key Stakeholders. (Chapter 3, p. 41 & Chapter 8, p. 155) A stakeholder is anyone who has something to win or lose from this change. Also, think about those whom you need to engage in the process to make it a lasting change by involving them in the decision to make the change. They can be floor nurses, nurse educators, nurse managers, nurse administrators, etc. You will need to mention at least 3 different key stakeholders. For each stakeholder, name a strategy to involve them in the decision to change the practice. For example; “The nurse manager is a key stakeholder. A strategy to involve the nurse manager in the decision to change the practice is (you finish the sentence).” (1-2 paragraphs)
F2. Barriers. (Chapter 9, p. 177) This section is a discussion of the barriers to change. You may want to talk about change, delegation of tasks, training/education, funding, and attitude toward research as these are areas that cause barriers to initiation and continuing compliance with a practice change. Mention one barrier related to change and one barrier related to translation of research into practice and in F2 discuss the strategies to overcome the 2 barriers named in this section. (1 paragraph)
F3. Strategies for Barriers. (Chapter 9, p. 180) This section will discuss 2 strategies to overcome the identified barriers in section F2. (1 paragraph)
F4. Indicator to Measure Outcome. (Chapter 1, p. 9 & Chapter 8, p. 154 - 155) An indicator is something that can be measured. For example, if the I in the PICO is “hourly rounding to prevent falls” the outcome measure would be the number of falls. The number of falls could be counted before and after a practice change to look for a decrease. Describe how you would measure an improvement after the practice change. (1 paragraph)
G Sources. Remember to include 5 in-text citations in section E from the 5 research studies in the Evidence Matrix. Also, remember that the reference page should include all 7 studies mentioned in the paper, assuming that the 2 research studies in C2a are also included in the 5 research studies in the Evidence Matrix.
For reference page and in text citations: References rules
Here are the headings for the task:
Healthcare problem
Significance of the problem
Current practice related to the problem
Impact of the problem and/or patient’s cultural background
Research and Non-Research Evidence
PICO Question
Evidence Matrix - See attachment
Intervention for Recommended Practice Change
Key Stakeholders
Barriers
Strategies for Barriers
Indicator to Measure Outcome
Sample Solution