Answer all parts of each of the following questions: • Why does Gilbert Ryle refer to Descartes' dualism as The Ghost in the Machine?" Explain Ryle's notion of 'category mistake' in your own words, and give some examples of your own of these sorts of errors. Do you agree with Ryle that this shows that Descartes' dualism is an erroneous doctrine? Why or why not? Be specific.
• How is Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations an attack on Plato's rationalism? What does Wittgenstein substitute for what Plato calls 'Forms'? Do you think Wittgenstein's approach to this issue is a better approach than Plato's? Why or why not? Be specific.
• What are the 'two dogmas' Quine refers to in his essay, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism?" Do you think that his denial of the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements (Kant would have called them 'judgments') is correct or not? Why? How do some of the examples in this week's lecture illustrate the dilemma that Quine suggests prevents us from being able to draw a firm distinction between that which is analytically true and that which is not?
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