Global communication

  Research Essay Details of task: Write an essay that answers ONE of the following questions: 1. Choose an issue that has been represented in media as a global concern. Using a case study and/or at least 3 specific concrete (not hypothetical) examples of media coverage, discuss the role of media in promoting debate and communicating information about this issue. You should focus on perspectives from within one or more of these areas: Latin America, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe or the Middle East. Try to move beyond the usual Western-centric perspective common in mainstream media in the US, Australia, and the UK. Don't use Trump as a Case study and example Follow these guidelines: • Your essay should take a scholarly approach, with a theoretical framework and evidence from at least 10 academic sources: that is, peer-reviewed journal articles and/or chapters from researched books. The sources should be a mix of readings from this unit and further research you have conducted into secondary sources. • In addition, you should refer to media sources such as newspaper articles and broadcast news reports. Remember that examples and media sources must be cited and referenced in the same way as other information. You are expected to use at least 3 media sources. • Note that you are not analysing the issue itself, but the way it has been communicated by media and the significance of this. Keep descriptions of the actual issue to a minimum and concentrate on your analysis in regard to the question. • Don't be too broad or generalised: a narrow focus will usually be a better way to answer this question. Word limit: Maximum 1,500 words including in-text citations (from the start of the introduction to the end of the conclusion), excluding reference list. A 10% allowance under or above the word limit is permissable. Presentation requirements: The task should be presented in formal academic essay style. • Essays should be produced using standard English-language and current Microsoft Word English language software. Submit your essay as a .docx file. • Use a clear font in 12-point measure. • Number your pages. • Provide a title and indicate clearly which question you are answering. • Attach a cover sheet for the Moodle marking box submission (but NOT for the Turnitin submission). • Referencing requirements: Harvard referencing style, including in-text citations with author-year-page number/s for both indirect and direct quotations. A reference list should be provided at the end of your essay, in alphabetical order by each first author's family name. Introduction—setting the scene Essential Reading Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 1 ‘What is Global Communication?’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Recommended Reading Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 2 ‘How to Study Global Communication’, and Chapter 3 ‘The History of Long-Distance Communication’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Global communications industries Essential Reading Kshetri, Nir (2017) ‘The economics of the Internet of Things in the Global South’, Third World Quarterly, 38 (2), pp. 311-339. Staubhaar, Joseph (2015) ‘BRICS as emerging cultural and media powers’, Chapter 4 in Kaarle Nordensteng and Daya Kishan Thussu, eds., Mapping BRICS Media, Abingdon: Oxon, pp. 87-103. Recommended Reading Crawford, Alice, Sarah A. Humphries & Margaret N. Geddy (2015) ‘McDonald’s: a Case Study in Glocalization’, Journal of Global Business Issues 9.1 (Spring/Summer), pp. 11-18. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 4 ‘The Economy of Global Communication’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Polynczuk-Alenius, Kinga & Mervi Pantti (2017) ‘Branded Solidarity in Fair Trade Communication on Facebook’, Globalizations, 14:1, pp. 66-80. Zhao, Yuezhi (2015) Chapter 3 ‘The BRICS formation in reshaping global communication: possibilities and changes’, in Kaarle Nordensteng and Daya Kishan Thussu (eds.), Mapping BRICS Media, Abingdon: Oxon, pp. 66-86. Global content flows Essential Reading Harcup, Tony & Deirdre O’Neill (2016) ‘What is News? News values revisited (again), Journalism Studies, 18:12, pp. 1470-1488. Yee, Andy (2017) ‘Post-Truth Politics & Fake News in Asia’, Global Asia, 12:2, Summer, pp. 67-71. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andy_Yee/publication/318673840_Post-Truth_Politics_and_Fake_News_in_Asia/links/59771de1458515e26d2cdbe8/Post-Truth-Politics-and-Fake-News-in-Asia.pdf Zaripova, Adilya (2017) ‘ “My boss Is 18,000 people” : Journalism practices in crowdfunded media organizations’, MedieKultur, 33:62, pp. 100-118. Recommended Reading Gupta, Aditi, Hemanki Lamba, and Anupam Joshi (2013) ‘Faking Sandy: characterizing and identifying fake images on Twitter during Hurricane Sandy’, WWW 2013 CompanionProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 729-736, Rio de Janeiro: IW3C2, May 13-17. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 5 ‘Flows of Global Content’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Khaldarova, Irina and Mervi Pantti (2016) ‘Fake News: The narrative battle over the Ukranian conflict’, Journalism Practice, April. Mizrachi, Isaac and Galia Fuchs (2016) ‘Should we cancel? An examination of risk handling in travel social media before visiting ebola-free destinations’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 28, September, pp. 59-65. Norris, Wendy (2017) ‘Digital Humanitarians: Citizen journalists on the virtual front line of natural and human-caused disasters’, Journalism Practice, 11:2-3, pp. 213-228. Stijn, Joye, Ansgard Heinrich and Romy Wöhlert (2016) ‘50 years of Galtung and Ruge: Reflections on their model of news values and its relevance for the study of journalism and communication today’, CM: Communication and Media Journal, 11:36, pp. 5-28. Governance and communication Essential Reading Pincus, Rebecca & Saleem H. Ali (2016) Introduction ‘Have you been to "The Arctic"? Frame theory and the role of media coverage in shaping Arctic discourse’, Polar Geography, 39:2, pp. 83-97. Thrall, A. Trevor, Dominik Stecula and Diana Sweet (2014) ‘May we have your attention please? Human-Rights NGOs and the problem of global communication’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 19:2, pp. 135-159. Recommended Reading Deubel, Tara F. 9 (2015) ‘Mediascapes of Human Rights: Emergent Forms of Digital Activism for the Western Sahara’, Transmodernity: Journal of peripheral cultural production of the Luso-Hispanic world, 5 (3), pp. 5-19. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 6 ‘Emergence of the Politics of Global Communication’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Media ownership and power Essential Reading Maskus, Keith (2014) ‘The New Globalisation of Intellectual Property Rights: What’s New This time?’, Australian Economic History Review, 54:3, November, pp. 262-284. Ekayanti, Mala and Hao Xiaoming (2017) ‘Journalism and political affiliation of the media: Influence of ownership on Indonesian newspapers, Journalism, October 4. Cogburn D.L. (2017) ‘World Summit on the Information Society: Catalyst for Transnational Advocacy and a Milestone for Multistakeholder Global Governance’, in Transnational Advocacy Networks in the Information Society. Information Technology and Global Governance, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Recommended Reading Castells, Manuel 2009 ‘The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance’, in Thussu, Daya Kishan (ed.), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge, pp. 36-47. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 7 ‘The Politics of Global Communication: Twenty-First Century Issues’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Noam, Eli (2009) ‘Impact of WTO on Global Communication’, in Daya Kishan Thussu (ed.), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge. Painter, James (2014) ‘Disaster Averted? Television Coverage of the 2013/14 IPCC’s Climate Change Reports’, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Summary of report and PDF of the entire report available here: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/disaster-averted-television-coverage-201314-ipcc%E2%80%99s-climate-change-reports Schultz, Mark F. and David B. Walker (2005) ‘How Intellectual Property Became Controversial: NGOs and the New International IP Agenda’, Engage, 6:2, pp. 82-98. PDF available here: https://s3.amazonaws.com/fedsoc-cms-public/library/doclib/20080313_IPSchultz.pdf Media manipulation Essential Reading Cherkaoui, Tarek (2017) ‘War, Propaganda, and the Mobilisation of Frames’, The News Media at War: The Clash of Western and Arab Networks in the Middle East, London: I. B. Taurus. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 9 'Propaganda, Diplomacy, and Espionage', Global Communication, London: Sage. Simons, Greg (2016) ‘News and Syria: Creating key media moments in the conflict’, Cogent Social Sciences, 2:1. Recommended Reading Badsey, Stephen, ‘Media War and Media Management’ (2016) in John Buckley and George Kassimeris (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Warfare, pp. 401-418. Herman, Edward S. and Noam Chomsky (2002) ‘Introduction’ (updating the 1988 edition), pp. xi-viii, and Chapter 1 ‘A Propaganda Model’, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, New York: Pantheon, pp. 1-36. Lasswell, Harold D. (2009) ‘The Theory of Political Propaganda’, in Daya Kishan Thussu (ed.), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge, pp. 329-332. Nassanga, Goretti; Elisabeth Eide, Oliver Hahn, Mofizur Rhaman, Billy Sarwono (2016),‘Climate Change and Development Journalism in the Global South’, in Media and Global Climate Knowledge: Journalism and the IPCC, Risto Kunelius, Elisabeth Eide, Matthew Tegelberg, Dmitry Yagodin (eds.), pp. 213-233. Nye Jr., Joseph S. (2009) ‘Public Diplomacy and Soft Power’, in Daya Kishan Thussu (ed.), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge, pp. 333-344. Reporting global conflicts Essential Reading Sacco, Vittoria (2016) ‘How Does Social Media Shape Media Convergence? The Case of Journalists Covering War and Conflict’, in Artur Lugmayr and Cinzia Dal Zotto (eds.), Media Convergence Handbook Vol. 1: Journalism, Broadcasting, and Social Media Aspects of Convergence, Springer, pp. 363-386. Tufecki, Zeynep (2017) Chapter 5 ‘Technology and People’ in Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 115-131. Recommended Reading Boyd-Barrett, Oliver (2017) ‘Ukraine, Mainstream Media and Conflict Propaganda’, Journalism Studies, 18:8, pp. 1016-1034. Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 10 ‘Global Communication and Conflict’, Global Communication, London: Sage. Sorin, Petrof (2015) ‘The dialectics of media representation: “Je Suis Charlie” as fetishization of an image’, ESSACHESS: Journal for Communication Studies 8:2, pp. 207-225. Inequality and the digital divide Essential Reading Pick, James B. and Avijit Sarkar (2015) Chapter 4, ‘The Global Digital Divide’, The Global Digital Divides: Explaining Change, Berlin: Springer, pp. 83-111. Resta, Paul and Thérèse Laferrière (2015) ‘Digital equity and intercultural education’, Education and Information Technologies, 20:4, pp. 743-756, December. Recommended Reading Beltrán, Luis Ramiro (1993) 'Communication for Development in Latin America: A Forty-Year Appraisal', International Development Research Centre. Access here: http://www.southbound.com.my/communication/cul-ch.htm Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 8 ‘Inequality and the Global Divide’, Global Communication, London: Sage, pp. 137-153. Noam, Eli (2009) ‘Overcoming the Three Digital Divides’, in Thussu, Daya Kishan (ed) (2009), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge, pp. 48-55. Tourism, globalisation and identity Essential Reading Dann, Caron Eastgate (2008) Chapter 1 ‘Amazing Thailand’, Imagining Siam: A travellers’ literary guide to Thailand, Clayton: Monash University Press, pp. 7-31. Mowforth, Martin and Ian Munt (2016) Chapter 5 ‘A new class of tourist’, in Tourism and Sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World, 4th ed., Milton Park: Routledge, pp. 12-50. Recommended Reading Cherkaoui, Tarek (2017) ‘Orientalism, Terrorism, and the American Media Discourse’, The News Media at War: The Clash of Western and Arab Networks in the Middle East, London: I. B. Taurus. Ekdale, Brian and David Tuwai (2016), ‘Ironic Encounters: Posthumanitarian Storytelling in Slum Tourist Media’, Communication, Culture & Critique, 18 February, pp. 49-67. Forsyth, Tim (2002) ‘What happened on “The Beach”? Social movements and governanace of tourism in Thailand’, International Journal of Sustainable Development, 5:3, pp. 326-337. Access PDF here: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/4729/1/What_happened_on_%E2%80%98The_Beach%E2%80%99_%28LSERO%29.pdf Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 11 'Culture and Global Communication', Global Communication, London: Sage, pp. 137-153. Kelly, Casey R. (2015) ‘Chapter 4: Exoticizing Poverty in Bizarre Foods America’, in Samuel Boerboom (ed.), The Political Language of Food, Lanham: Lexington Books. Millán, Margaret (2016) ‘The traveling of “gender” and its accompanying baggage: Thoughts on the translation of feminism(s), the globalization of discourses, and representational divides’, European Journal of Women’s Studies, 23:1, pp. 6-27. Digital communications and resistance Essential Reading Hanchey, Jenna N. (2016) ‘Agency Beyond Agents: Aid Campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa and Collective Representations of Agency’, Communication, Culture & Critique, 18 February, pp. 11-29. Roberts, Shearon (2015) ‘Then and Now: Haitian Journalism as Resistance to US Occupation and US-Led Reconstruction’, The Journal of Haitian Studies, Vol. 21. No. 2, Fall, pp. 241-268. Recommended Reading Fancourt, Lucy, Bredesen Lewis & Nicholas Majka (2012) ‘Born in the USA, Made in France: How McDonald’s Succeeds in the Land of Michelin Stars’, Knowledge@Wharton, Wharton University of Pennsylvania. Han, Gil-Soo & Carmel Davies (2006) ‘Ethnicity, Health and Medical Care: Towards a Critical Realist Analysis of General Practice in the Korean Community in Sydney’, Ethnicity and Health, 11:4, pp. 409-430. https://www.academia.edu/1969991/_Ethnicity_health_and_medical_care_towards_a_critical_realist_analysis_of_general_practice_in_the_Korean_community_in_Sydney Tsika, Noah (2014) ' "Be Wary of Working Boys": The Cultural Production of Queer Youth in Today's West Africa’, in C. Pullen (ed.), Queer Youth and Media Cultures, London: Springer, pp. 239-250. Digital futures in global communications Essential Reading Chyi, H. Iris and James Ian Tennant (2017) ‘Transnational Media Management: Western News Organizations’ Web Operations in China’, International Journal on Media Management, 19:4, pp. 261-281. Steeves, Leslie H. (2016) Introduction, ‘Cartographies of Communication and Critique: Forging a Dialogue on Africa, Media, and Globalization’, Culture & Critique, 18 February, pp. 1-10. Recommended Reading Aucsmith, David (2015) ‘Implications of Cyber Warfare’, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, Portland, Oregon, June 17-19 2015. Hai Liang, Fei Shen, King-Wa Fu (2016) ‘Privacy protection and self-disclosure across societies: A study of global Twitter users’, New Media & Society, May. PDF available here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303029927_Privacy_protection_and_self-disclosure_across_societies_A_study_of_global_Twitter_users Hamelink, Cees J. (2015) Chapter 12 ‘Global Communication Online’, Global Communication, London: Sage, pp. 137-153 Karim H. Karim (2009) ‘Cultures of Diasporic Media’ in Daya Kishan Thussu (ed), International Communication: A Reader, London: Routledge. Mateus, Samuel (2016) ‘The Black Panther Has Died: Or How Ceremonial Television Hosted Public Mourning’, Global Perspectives on Media Events in Contemporary Society, December 15, pp. 158-171.