As we explore the differences between genetics and genomics, consider the role genetics plays in health promotion and our practices as well as the role disease prevention plays this week. Please answer the following discussion prompts:
Choose one of the following topics: breast cancer, colon cancer, arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, postpartum depression, or sickle cell anemia. Describe your chosen topic.
How are genetics involved in your chosen topic? Is there a clear genetic link with your topic? If so, what genes are involved in the likelihood for this condition? If not, how might genetics impact your chosen topic.
Relate how at least two environmental factors can impact your chosen topic based upon evidence-based research.
Explain a minimum of two protective factors associated with your chosen topic.
Explain a minimum of two risk factors associated with your chosen topic.
Full Answer Section
- Other Genetic Factors: Other genes, such as TP53, PTEN, and CHEK2, may also contribute to breast cancer risk, although their impact is generally less significant than BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Environmental Factors
- Hormonal Factors: Exposure to hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, can increase breast cancer risk. Factors like early menarche, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy can influence hormone levels.
- Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle choices, such as diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, can also impact breast cancer risk. A diet high in red and processed meat, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk.
Protective Factors
- Regular Breast Self-Exams: Early detection through self-exams can improve prognosis.
- Mammograms: Regular mammograms can help detect breast cancer early, when treatment is most effective.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and limiting alcohol consumption can reduce risk.
Risk Factors
- Family History: A strong family history of breast cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives, increases risk.
- Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age.
By understanding the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to breast cancer, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk and improve their chances of early detection and successful treatment.
Sample Answer
Breast Cancer: A Complex Interaction of Genetics and Environment
Genetic Factors
Breast cancer is a complex disease influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the majority of breast cancer cases are not hereditary, certain genetic mutations can significantly increase the risk.
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes: Mutations in these genes are associated with a significantly increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Individuals with these mutations may consider genetic testing and increased surveillance.