Healthy eating is too expensive!

HBS108 Assignment Task 1800 words, 20% of total assessment, due Friday 29 July by 5pm Healthy eatin" rel="nofollow">ing is too expensive! Usin" rel="nofollow">ing health in" rel="nofollow">information to explore a contemporary issue Note: You may reference the topic content PDFs for this assignment but not the lecture notes (in" rel="nofollow">in which case you may wish to fin" rel="nofollow">ind other sources). Introduction Australia contin" rel="nofollow">inues to experience high levels of diet-related conditions and diseases. For example, 63.4% of Australians aged 18 years and over were overweight or obese (11.2 million people) in" rel="nofollow">in 2014-15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015). The health problems associated with poor diet occur as a result of excessive in" rel="nofollow">intake of foods that are deemed high in" rel="nofollow">in energy, saturated fat, added sugars and/or added salt but relatively low in" rel="nofollow">in nutrients (National Health Medical Research Council 2015). When consumed regularly, these foods can promote weight gain" rel="nofollow">in, high blood pressure and cholesterol, thus in" rel="nofollow">increasin" rel="nofollow">ing the risk of disease. When it comes to ‘healthy’ eatin" rel="nofollow">ing, however, many people believe that consumin" rel="nofollow">ing a healthy diet is expensive and costs much more than purchasin" rel="nofollow">ing junk food (Lee 2016). As health and health-related practitioners, we are in" rel="nofollow">interested in" rel="nofollow">in basin" rel="nofollow">ing our practice (in" rel="nofollow">includin" rel="nofollow">ing clin" rel="nofollow">inical practice, as well as assistin" rel="nofollow">ing governments to develop appropriate public policies and programs) on evidence. Therefore, this assignment requires you to access and understand health-related data from reputable, widely-used (by health professionals) sources of in" rel="nofollow">information in" rel="nofollow">in order to establish whether ‘healthy’ eatin" rel="nofollow">ing is in" rel="nofollow">indeed in" rel="nofollow">influenced by cost and one’s socio-economic status. If so, it is important that we understand ways that this can be addressed effectively in" rel="nofollow">in order to improve eatin" rel="nofollow">ing habits and reduce the risk of diet-related diseases. TASK A: Locatin" rel="nofollow">ing Health Data and Information from Reputable Sources Question 1 This question begin" rel="nofollow">ins to explore ‘healthy’ eatin" rel="nofollow">ing patterns in" rel="nofollow">in Australia. In particular, the consumption of a balanced diet in" rel="nofollow">inclusive of fruit and vegetables. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Australian Health Survey in" rel="nofollow">includes data on ‘Daily in" rel="nofollow">intake of fruit and vegetables’ in" rel="nofollow">in the Australian population. You are required to locate data from this survey from the ABS website. ABS health survey data is now available in" rel="nofollow">in the form of (a) a very brief summary of selected fin" rel="nofollow">indin" rel="nofollow">ings from the survey; and (b) detailed downloadable data tables (as Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets). The report is: Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015, National Health Survey: First Results, 2014-15, cat. no. 4364.0.55.001, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Page 2 of 7 Please go to the ABS website, and: ? Access and read the “Daily Intake of Fruit and Vegetables” summary shown in" rel="nofollow">in the screenshot below. ? Have a look at the “Glossary”, which is available from the ‘Explanatory Notes’ tab. ? Download “Table 6: Health risk factors by population characteristics—Australia”. This is available from the ‘Downloads’ tab. ? Click on the Excel spreadsheet, which will load Table 6 as an Excel spreadsheet. ? Select Table 6.3 at the bottom of the Excel spreadsheet, which shows “Proportion of ? persons”. Screenshot i. When conductin" rel="nofollow">ing quantitative health research, it is important to defin" rel="nofollow">ine how the constructs will be measured precisely. In the Australian Health Survey, how was ‘adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables’ defin" rel="nofollow">ined? (3 marks) ii. Based on the results of the survey, are Australians more likely to meet the guidelin" rel="nofollow">ines for fruit or vegetable consumption? What are the differences between men and women? Please in" rel="nofollow">include percentages to support your answer. (5 marks) Page 3 of 7 iii. Examin" rel="nofollow">inin" rel="nofollow">ing Table 6.3, which quin" rel="nofollow">intile in" rel="nofollow">in the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage had the highest proportion of persons with in" rel="nofollow">inadequate fruit consumption? Which quin" rel="nofollow">intile had the highest proportion with in" rel="nofollow">inadequate vegetable consumption? Please in" rel="nofollow">include the percentages in" rel="nofollow">in your answer for full marks. (5 marks) iv. Based on in" rel="nofollow">information presented in" rel="nofollow">in the Glossary about the Index of Relative Socio- Economic Disadvantage and your answer to Question 1 (iii), what appears to be the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and socio-economic status? Please in" rel="nofollow">include data to support your answer. (5 marks) Question 2 This question requires you to access a report published by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), a government funded organisation that aims to promote good health and prevent chronic disease through its programs and research projects. Please access and read the followin" rel="nofollow">ing report in" rel="nofollow">in order to answer Question 2: VicHealth 2016, Too little and too much: explorin" rel="nofollow">ing the paradox of food in" rel="nofollow">insecurity and obesity in" rel="nofollow">in disadvantaged populations, VicHealth, Melbourne. i. What were the priorities of those from low socio-economic households when purchasin" rel="nofollow">ing foods? What foods were purchased to fulfil these priorities? List two examples for each priority. (5 marks) ii. Accordin" rel="nofollow">ing to this VicHealth report, what other factors in" rel="nofollow">influence food choices in" rel="nofollow">in those from disadvantaged backgrounds? (5 marks) Question 3 Usin" rel="nofollow">ing the skills you developed in" rel="nofollow">in Topic 2, locate the journal article referenced below through either the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in Library website or Google Scholar. Read the article carefully before answerin" rel="nofollow">ing Question 3 (i)–(iii). Lee, AJ, Kane, S, Ramsey, R, Good, E & Dick, M 2016, ‘Testin" rel="nofollow">ing the price and affordability of healthy and current (unhealthy) diets and the potential impacts of policy change in" rel="nofollow">in Australia’, BMC Public Health, vol. 16, pp. 315–337, DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-2996-y. i. Based on in" rel="nofollow">information presented in" rel="nofollow">in Table 5 for a sin" rel="nofollow">ingle unemployed household (HH3) in" rel="nofollow">in Logan (the low SES area), what is the average (mean) cost of a healthy diet basket? How does this compare to the cost of the current (unhealthy) diet? (3 marks) Page 4 of 7 ii. Based on the data in" rel="nofollow">in Table 5, identify the percentage that fruit and vegetables cost in" rel="nofollow">in the healthy diet basket for the sin" rel="nofollow">ingle unemployed household (HH3). Identify the percentage that fruit and vegetables cost in" rel="nofollow">in the current (unhealthy) diet. How does this compare to the percentage spent on discretionary items, such as alcohol, takeaway foods and sugar- sweetened beverages? Please in" rel="nofollow">include data to support your answer. (5 marks) iii. Obtain" rel="nofollow">inin" rel="nofollow">ing in" rel="nofollow">informed consent is one of the key ethical considerations identified in" rel="nofollow">in Topic 1. Based on your readin" rel="nofollow">ing of the article by Lee et al. (2016), identify whether or not the researchers needed to obtain" rel="nofollow">in in" rel="nofollow">informed consent. Please justify your answer. (5 marks) iv. Based on your answers to Questions (i)–(iii), state whether cost in" rel="nofollow">influences Australians’ ability to consume a ‘healthy’ diet. Base your statement on the data you have accessed (i.e. not your personal ‘opin" rel="nofollow">inion’), and in" rel="nofollow">include supportin" rel="nofollow">ing data where relevant. (10 marks) Question 4 Lee (2016, para. 11) suggests that “nutrition policy actions must tackle barriers to healthy eatin" rel="nofollow">ing. Ways to do this in" rel="nofollow">include in" rel="nofollow">increasin" rel="nofollow">ing availability of healthy foods and drin" rel="nofollow">inks in" rel="nofollow">in schools and hospitals and regulatin" rel="nofollow">ing again" rel="nofollow">inst ‘junk’ food and drin" rel="nofollow">ink advertisin" rel="nofollow">ing directed to children”. However, there are likely to be other in" rel="nofollow">initiatives that can reduce the impact of cost and thereby improve healthy eatin" rel="nofollow">ing habits. Usin" rel="nofollow">ing the skills you developed in" rel="nofollow">in Topic 2, locate the journal article referenced below through either the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in Library website or Google Scholar. Read the article carefully before answerin" rel="nofollow">ing Question 4 (i)–(ii). Ball, K, McNaughton, SA, Le, HND, Gold, L, Mhurchu, CN, Abbott, G, Pollard, C & Crawford, D 2015, ‘Influence of price discounts and skill-buildin" rel="nofollow">ing strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: outcomes of the Supermarket Healthy Eatin" rel="nofollow">ing for Life randomized controlled trial’, American Journal of Clin" rel="nofollow">inical Nutrition, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1055–1064. i. State if this article represents a quantitative or qualitative research study. Briefly describe how you know this particular study is quantitative or qualitative. (5 marks) ii. Accordin" rel="nofollow">ing to Ball et al. (2015, p. 1056), this study was “approved by and followed ethical standards in" rel="nofollow">in accordance with the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in University Faculty of Health Human Ethics Advisory Group”. Considerin" rel="nofollow">ing the study design used, briefly explain" rel="nofollow">in two ethical prin" rel="nofollow">inciples these authors would have needed to comply with in" rel="nofollow">in order to secure ethical approval. (5 marks) iii. Briefly describe in" rel="nofollow">in your own words what the specific fin" rel="nofollow">indin" rel="nofollow">ings of the above study were. You will fin" rel="nofollow">ind readin" rel="nofollow">ing the abstract and the results section most useful for this. (5 marks) Page 5 of 7 TASK B: Research Hypotheses/Questions Question 5 i. Develop a quantitative research hypothesis related to the topic of dietary behaviour and socio-economic status. (5 marks) ii. Develop a qualitative research question related to the topic of dietary behaviour and socio-economic status. (5 marks) TASK C: Searchin" rel="nofollow">ing Databases Question 6 Select either the hypothesis or research question you developed in" rel="nofollow">in Task B [You must clearly state which one you have selected to use for this question otherwise you will lose marks for this section]. Usin" rel="nofollow">ing the skills you developed in" rel="nofollow">in Topic 2, access the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in College e-resources (through the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in Library website) and conduct a search for a journal article that is relevant to your research question/hypothesis. The article must be: ? An academic journal article ? Peer reviewed ? Published within" rel="nofollow">in the past 10 years ? Qualitative in" rel="nofollow">in nature if it is addressin" rel="nofollow">ing the qualitative research question OR quantitative in" rel="nofollow">in nature if it is addressin" rel="nofollow">ing the research hypothesis ? Appropriate to the hypothesis/research question To receive any marks for this question you must paste the abstract of the article in" rel="nofollow">into your assignment as an appendix. NOTE: The abstract is NOT in" rel="nofollow">included in" rel="nofollow">in the word count for this assignment neither is its effect on your TurnItIn score. i. Name the database(s) you searched in" rel="nofollow">in order to fin" rel="nofollow">ind the article. (2 mark) ii. Specify the search terms you used to successfully locate the article. (2 mark) iii. Provide the full reference to this article (in" rel="nofollow">in Deakin" rel="nofollow">in-Harvard style) here as your answer to this question. (3 marks) iv. Based on the evidence presented in" rel="nofollow">in your article, along with the material you reviewed in" rel="nofollow">in Questions 2, 3 and 4, write a brief recommendation on how to best address the barriers to healthy eatin" rel="nofollow">ing experienced by Australians. (7 marks) [10 marks will be awarded for writin" rel="nofollow">ing, grammar, presentation and referencin" rel="nofollow">ing] Page 6 of 7 How to structure your assignment This assignment should take the form of a structured report (i.e. a question answer format) rather than an “essay” and should be approached with a formal scientific writin" rel="nofollow">ing style (i.e. full sentence structure). Please note you are not expected to re-write the questions in" rel="nofollow">in your assignment as this would be an unwise use of your word count. Please use appropriate section and question numbers to label your answers clearly. Assignment Title – Top of the first page Student name & ID – Either as a footer OR under the assignment title COMPULSORY: Label all responses to questions with the appropriate question number Font – 12 poin" rel="nofollow">int, Times New Roman Lin" rel="nofollow">ine Spacin" rel="nofollow">ing – 2 Margin" rel="nofollow">ins – Normal Borders – None Use of references Include all references cited in" rel="nofollow">in your assignment (in" rel="nofollow">includin" rel="nofollow">ing those that you are in" rel="nofollow">instructed to locate and use) in" rel="nofollow">in a reference list at the end of the assignment, usin" rel="nofollow">ing the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in-Harvard (i.e. author-date) referencin" rel="nofollow">ing style. If you refer to any additional data not in" rel="nofollow">included in" rel="nofollow">in these sources, you must reference these additional sources of data too. Remember that, as covered in" rel="nofollow">in Topic 2, references are not restricted to academic journals, and can in" rel="nofollow">include books and reports from reputable websites. Information about the Deakin" rel="nofollow">in-Harvard referencin" rel="nofollow">ing style is available here: http://www.deakin" rel="nofollow">in.edu.au/students/study-support/referencin" rel="nofollow">ing/harvard Word limit The word limit for the assignment is 800 words (excludin" rel="nofollow">ing the reference list, but in" rel="nofollow">includin" rel="nofollow">ing in" rel="nofollow">in-text citations and headin" rel="nofollow">ings). You are permitted a 10% margin" rel="nofollow">in over the word limit, but words over 880 will not be assessed. This is done to ensure equity among students—it is unfair if students who exceed the word limit get higher grades (due to in" rel="nofollow">includin" rel="nofollow">ing extra material over the word count) than students who comply with the limit. Also, concise writin" rel="nofollow">ing that states the key poin" rel="nofollow">ints without bein" rel="nofollow">ing unnecessarily verbose is an important report-writin" rel="nofollow">ing skill that you can demonstrate in" rel="nofollow">in your assignment! Usin" rel="nofollow">ing the TurnItIn Origin" rel="nofollow">inality check and Assignment Submission Before submittin" rel="nofollow">ing your assignment you should check the origin" rel="nofollow">inality of your work usin" rel="nofollow">ing TurnItIn. In Week 4 there will be a PowerPoin" rel="nofollow">int presentation shown durin" rel="nofollow">ing your HBS108 lecture that will cover this process. Your lecturer will also show you how to submit your assignment onlin" rel="nofollow">ine via Moodle. Until then read through the assignment material, attempt the assignment questions if you feel confident, and be ready to ask your lecturer any questions in" rel="nofollow">in class in" rel="nofollow">in Week 4! Page 7 of 7 References Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015, National Health Survey: First Results, 2014–15, cat. no. 4364.0.55.001, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. Ball, K, McNaughton, SA, Le, HND, Gold, L, Mhurchu, CN, Abbott, G, Pollard, C & Crawford, D 2015, ‘Influence of price discounts and skill-buildin" rel="nofollow">ing strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: outcomes of the Supermarket Healthy Eatin" rel="nofollow">ing for Life randomized controlled trial’, American Journal of Clin" rel="nofollow">inical Nutrition, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1055–1064. Lee, A 2016, A healthy diet is cheaper than junk food but a good diet is still too expensive for some, The Conversation, retrieved 2 June 2016, . Lee, AJ, Kane, S, Ramsey, R, Good, E & Dick, M 2016, ‘Testin" rel="nofollow">ing the price and affordability of healthy and current (unhealthy) diets and the potential impacts of policy change in" rel="nofollow">in Australia’, BMC Public Health, vol. 16, pp. 315–337, DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-2996-y. National Health and Medical Research Council 2015, About the Australian Dietary Guidelin" rel="nofollow">ines, retrieved 2 June 2016, in" rel="nofollow">ines/about-australian-dietary-guidelin" rel="nofollow">ines>. VicHealth 2016, Too little and too much: explorin" rel="nofollow">ing the paradox of food in" rel="nofollow">insecurity and obesity in" rel="nofollow">in disadvantaged populations, VicHealth, Melbourne.