Information for Making Human Resource Decisions

Are there employment sectors that are essentially unaffected by economic fluctuations?

While few sectors are completely immune to economic shifts, the most resilient employment sectors are those providing essential, non-discretionary public services or basic human needs. These include some areas of healthcare (e.g., nursing, elder care), education (K-12 public schools), and utilities (power, water, waste management) (O'Connell & Smith, 2020). Although funding and wages in these areas can be impacted, the core need for these services and the jobs associated with them remains relatively stable regardless of short-term GDP changes, making them largely recession-resistant (BLS, 2024).

What are some very new kinds of jobs of which you are aware?

Technological advancements have created numerous very new kinds of jobs often centered on data, automation, and digital interaction. Examples include Prompt Engineer (designing and refining queries for generative AI models), Drone Pilot/Technician (operating and maintaining unmanned aerial vehicles for surveying, delivery, and inspection), Data Ethicist (governing the ethical and bias-free use of large datasets and algorithms), and Cloud Architect (designing and managing an organization's cloud computing strategy and infrastructure) (World Economic Forum, 2023).

What jobs on the 2014 list may be in danger of disappearing in the near future?

Many jobs prominent on a 2014 list are now in danger of disappearing or being severely transformed due to automation, machine learning, and process efficiency. These include jobs involving highly routine, repetitive tasks, such as Data Entry Keyers, Telemarketers, Payroll and Bookkeeping Clerks, and certain roles within assembly line manufacturing and trucking/delivery (as autonomous vehicle technology improves) (Frey & Osborne, 2017). While the job titles might persist, the human-required tasks will shrink dramatically.

How relevant are the concepts of competencies to the jobs in a chicken-processing plant?

The concepts of competencies are highly relevant to jobs in a chicken-processing plant, even if the work seems simple or repetitive. While the obvious competencies are physical stamina and manual dexterity (for precision cutting in tight spaces), other critical competencies include adherence to strict safety protocols (reducing cuts and injuries), concentration/attention to detail (maintaining quality and hygiene standards), and teamwork/coordination (working effectively on a fast-paced line) (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, n.d.).

Sample Answer

Human Resource (HR) planning serves as a critical source of information for decision-making by systematically forecasting an organization's future labor needs (demand) and internal/external labor availability (supply). This process generates data on skill gaps, training needs, turnover rates, and future workforce composition, allowing managers to make informed strategic choices regarding recruitment, training, retention, and budgeting. For example, by projecting a future shortage of specialized staff, HR planning informs a decision to invest in a new internal training program, ensuring business continuity and competitive advantage (Noe et al., 2021).

What industry sectors are most likely to add jobs during a down economy? During an improving economy?

During a down economy, job growth is typically concentrated in counter-cyclical or necessity-driven sectors such as healthcare (due to ongoing, non-discretionary demand), essential government services, debt collection, repair services (as consumers delay new purchases), and discount/value retail. Conversely, during an improving economy, job additions accelerate in cyclical sectors that rely on consumer and business confidence, including construction,