Full Answer Section

Drawbacks and Limitations:

• Single Point of Failure: If the AP fails, the entire network becomes inaccessible.
• Configuration Complexity: Requires careful configuration of the AP and network settings.
• Limited Range: The range of the network is limited by the AP’s coverage area.

Ad-Hoc Mode

In Ad-Hoc mode, devices communicate directly with each other without the need for a central access point. This mode is often referred to as peer-to-peer networking.

Components:

• Wireless Network Interface Cards (WNICs): Devices must have WNICs to establish direct connections.

Drawbacks and Limitations:

• Limited Range: The range of the network is limited by the wireless capabilities of the devices.
• Lower Throughput: Compared to Infrastructure mode, Ad-Hoc mode typically offers lower data transfer rates.
• Network Management Challenges: Ad-Hoc networks can be more difficult to manage and configure.

In Summary:

While Infrastructure mode offers better performance, security, and scalability, Ad-Hoc mode is simpler to set up and can be useful for temporary or small-scale networks. The choice of mode depends on the specific requirements of the network, such as the number of devices, the desired range, and the level of security required.