MARITIME AND SPACE LAW

  Questions: 1.) Inchmaree clauses, are those clauses dealing with negligence under maritime insurance contracts. Discuss the legal history and case law of inchmaree clauses. Explain what inchmaree clauses cover and how they are used, including the difficulties that ship owners may face with such clauses. Discuss the different drafting practices for such clauses while giving examples. Finally, how would you draft an inchmaree clause for an insurance contract covering vessels transporting oil for Saudi Aramco? 2.) What are the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea? Describe how are they used in the Maritime Industry? Pick any two states that have incorporated the Convention in their national laws, discuss and compare the way in which they have chosen to do so. Discuss how these countries’ level of compliance with the international treaty. 3.) Compare and contrast the ILO’s Maritime Labour Convention and the IOM’s International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. What issues does each treaty address? Discuss and analyse the core aims of each Convention and how they complement each other? Describe the ways they help ensure occupational safety at sea for both seafarers and ship owners? Discuss how Saudi Arabia has incorporated international rules on standard for seafarers into national law. 4.) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea establishes a regime of regulations that applies to the management and use of the seas and oceans and all resources therein. Discuss each of the principle rights and obligations for States under the UNCLOS Convention from the perspective of a landlocked State. Using the existing legal framework and the example of landlocked countries that have successfully gained access to the coast (Switzerland Luxembourg etc.), give legal and policy advice Lesotho which is landlocked within South Africa. 5.) Maritime security is concerned with peace and security of the States’ zones of sovereign jurisdiction in relation to the marine environment, in addition to security issues that may be faced by vessels on the high seas. Fisheries crime is considered a very serious issue by many States. Discuss the issue of Fisheries crime at sea in detail within the context of maritime security law. What is fisheries crime? How does the Law of the Sea apply to fisheries crime? What other law apply to fisheries crime as a maritime security issue? Which sovereign zones of a state are implicated in fisheries crimes? 6.) Discuss the legal basis for ship registration within maritime law and its importance for maritime management. How do key legal concepts such as nationality, flag and documentation, related to sovereignty and jurisdiction, help to create a stable maritime environment for commerce? Discuss the different types of ship registers and compare them with each other. Discuss the improvements introduced to ship registration, as a result of modern technology