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Medical Nursing for Vet Techs

This research project contains four parts. You’ll research and write about each of the following topics:

Fluid administration
Emergency care
Wound management
Veterinary periodontics
Although there’s no required minimum or maximum page length, the recommended length is two to three pages per topic. The questions should be thoroughly researched and answered, making sure to avoid straying too far from the stated focus. Use publication search engines such as PubMed to obtain original research papers if you plan to use these to address any of the questions. Consult reliable and up-to-date reference materials as needed and appropriate.

Part 1. Fluid Administration
For Part 1, discuss intravenous fluid administration in a feline patient. Include the following in your research:

What physical exam parameters would you use to assess the hydration status in your patient? Detail the different percentages of dehydration and the signs you see on examination with each one.
Describe the purpose of each phase of fluid therapy for a female feline patient, assuming the following:
The patient isn’t showing any signs of shock.
The cat weighs 8 lbs, is 10 percent dehydrated, and doesn’t have any vomiting or diarrhea.
Use this information to calculate the fluid rates for each needed phase of fluid therapy for this patient. Be sure to include the formula you’re using and show each step in the calculation of the fluid rates.
How should you monitor the IV fluid therapy in this patient?
Why is it important to monitor patients receiving IV fluid therapy?
Part 2. Emergency Care
For Part 2, explain how to perform CPR on a Labrador retriever in the veterinary clinic. Include the following in your research:

An explanation of what CPR is and its goal
The steps of veterinary CPR and how it’s performed in the veterinary clinic
A discussion of the emergency crash cart and the items that you would use from it during CPR
Part 3. Wound Management
For Part 3, discuss the factors associated with delayed wound healing.

Investigate the primary patient factors and environmental factors that can lead to delayed healing of traumatic wounds in animals.
Choose one patient factor and one environmental factor that contribute to delayed wound healing. Then, discuss the biological basis by which these factors delay wound healing.
For the factors chosen in #2, explain what measures may be taken to limit their impact on wound healing.
Part 4. Veterinary Periodontics
For Part 4, explain why periodontal disease is common in dogs and cats, its main causes, and how some forms of the disease are treated.

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Sample Answer

Part 1. Fluid Administration

What physical exam parameters would you use to assess the hydration status in your patient? Detail the different percentages of dehydration and the signs you see on examination with each one.

The following physical exam parameters can be used to assess the hydration status of a feline patient:

Mucous membranes: The mucous membranes should be moist and pink. If they are dry and pale, this is a sign of dehydration.
Skin turgor: To assess skin turgor, pinch the skin on the back of the neck. It should spring back quickly. If it stays pinched up, this is a sign of dehydration.
Eyes: The eyes should be bright and clear. If they are sunken or the third eyelid is visible, this is a sign of dehydration.
Pulse: The pulse should be strong and regular. If it is weak or thready, this is a sign of dehydration.
Respiratory rate: The respiratory rate should be normal for the patient’s age and breed. If it is increased, this is a sign of dehydration.

Full Answer Section

The different percentages of dehydration and the signs you see on examination with each one are as follows:

0-5% dehydration: No clinical signs
5-10% dehydration: Mucous membranes are slightly tacky, skin turgor is decreased, and eyes may be slightly sunken.
10-15% dehydration: Mucous membranes are dry, skin turgor is severely decreased, and eyes are sunken.
>15% dehydration: Mucous membranes are very dry, skin turgor is absent, and the patient may be in shock.

Describe the purpose of each phase of fluid therapy for a female feline patient, assuming the following:

The patient isn’t showing any signs of shock.
The cat weighs 8 lbs, is 10 percent dehydrated, and doesn’t have any vomiting or diarrhea.

The three phases of fluid therapy are:

Rehydration phase: This phase is used to correct the existing dehydration. The goal is to restore the patient to normal hydration status. The fluid rate is calculated based on the patient’s weight and degree of dehydration. In this case, the fluid rate would be 80 mL/kg/hour.
Maintenance phase: This phase is used to maintain the patient’s hydration status after the rehydration phase is complete. The fluid rate is calculated based on the patient’s weight and normal maintenance requirements. In this case, the fluid rate would be 40 mL/kg/hour.
Supportive phase: This phase is used to provide additional fluids to the patient if they are still showing signs of dehydration or if they are undergoing surgery or other procedures that can lead to fluid loss. The fluid rate is determined on a case-by-case basis.

Use this information to calculate the fluid rates for each needed phase of fluid therapy for this patient. Be sure to include the formula you’re using and show each step in the calculation of the fluid rates.

The formula for calculating fluid rates in cats is:

Fluid rate (mL/kg/hour) = weight (kg) * degree of dehydration (%) * 10

In this case, the fluid rate would be:

Fluid rate (mL/kg/hour) = 8 kg * 10 % * 10 = 80 mL/kg/hour

How should you monitor the IV fluid therapy in this patient?

The IV fluid therapy should be monitored closely to ensure that the patient is receiving the correct amount of fluids. The following parameters should be monitored:

Fluid intake: The amount of fluids that the patient is receiving should be measured.
Fluid output: The amount of fluids that the patient is producing should be measured.
Body weight: The patient’s weight should be monitored to track fluid balance.
Mucous membranes: The mucous membranes should be monitored for signs of dehydration.
Skin turgor: The skin turgor should be monitored for signs of dehydration.
Eyes: The eyes should be monitored for signs of dehydration.
Pulse: The pulse should be monitored for signs of dehydration.
Respiratory rate: The respiratory rate should be monitored for signs of dehydration.

Why is it important to monitor patients receiving IV fluid therapy?

It is important to monitor patients receiving IV fluid therapy to ensure that they are receiving the correct amount of fluids and that the fluids are not causing any adverse effects. Fluid overload can lead to fluid retention, edema, and other complications. Fluid underload

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