Are Whole-Grain Foods Protective Against Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality ?
- Introduction (sub-title this section)
a. Give a definition and examples of whole grain foods
1. You can add a Table here
b. Describe how whole grains are refined/processed, and what is removed during processing
c. provide mechanisms describing how whole grains protect against cardiovascular disease
d. “The purpose of this review is…”
- Effects of whole grains on weight gain and obesity (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end - briefly summarize all findings
- do the findings agree/disagree?
- what is the “weight” of the evidence?
- Effects of whole grains on Type 2 diabetes (blood glucose, HbA1c, blood insulin, HOMA index, OGTT, etc.) (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on Blood Pressure and Hypertension (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on Blood Lipids (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides, Cholesterol) (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on Inflammation (TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, other marker of inflammation) (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on Atherosclerosis (arterial wall stiffness, wall thickness, calcification, endothelial dysfunction, pulse wave velocity) (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on the Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Effects of whole grains on heart attacks, strokes, and mortality (sub-title this section) a. use all papers discussed in class
b. add new papers (human and animal studies)
c. put a conclusion at end (same instructions as 2c) - Conclusion. Briefly summarize the effects of whole grains on the cardiovascular system (sub-title this section) a. list all the main findings from sections 2 - 9
b. what is the “weight” of the evidence?
c. would you recommend or not recommend that your patients reduce their intake of whole grains?
11 . References
a. In the Reference Section, references will be listed numerically (e.g. 1. 2. 3. …), in order of appearance from your paper, and in the correct format (see attachment)
b. In the body of your paper, references will be cited, in brackets, and in order of appearance (e.g. [1], [2], [3], …) (see attachment)
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
A. use all of the research articles handed-out in class
B. add 12 articles examining the effects of whole grains on the cardiovascular system
1. scientific research papers
a. can have more than 12 articles (extra credit)
b. NOT website articles
c. NOT review articles
d. NOT meta-analyses
C. how to discuss a reseach article:
1. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE SENTENCES!!!
2. about two sentences describing the methods
3. about two sentences describing the main findings
4. do not use quotations
5. must be cited correctly (see attachment)
D. the best source for finding research articles is MEDLINE (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed)
E. IMPORTANT: not all of sections 2 – 9 are required! For example, if you found no information on inflammation, your paper will not have an Inflammation section (section 6).
F. your paper will end up with about 10 to 15 double-spaced, typed pages
G. turn paper in early and I will give an “as is” grade along with instructions for improvementSample Solution