Medications Affecting the Urinary System

, Diuretics
A Action: Increase the amount of fluid excretion via the renal system
DIURETIC MEDICATIONS
Loop
Furosemide
Bumetanide
a. Therapeutic Use
Thiazide Potassium Sparing
Hydrochlorothiazide Spironolactone
Chlorothiazide Triamterene

1. Pulmonary edema caused by heart failure
2. Edema unresponsive to other diuretics
3. Hypertension unresponsive to other diuretics
   c. Precautions/Interactions
4. Use cautiously in clients who have diabetes mellitus.
5. Contraindicated in pregnancy.
6. NSAIDs reduce diuretic effect.
   o. Side/Adverse Effects
7. Loop and thiazide diuretics
   a. Hypovolemia
   b. Ototoxicity (loop diuretics)
   c. Hypokalemia
   d. Hyponatremia
   e. Hyperglycemia
   f. Digoxin toxicity
8. Lithium toxicity
9. Potassium-sparing diuretics
   a. Hyperkalemia
   b. Endocrine effects (impotence,
   menstrual irregularities)
   1ji; E. Nursing Interventions and Client Education
   ~p1. Monitor I&O.
10. Monitor vital signs.
11. Monitor for F&E imbalances.
12. Administer early morning to prevent nocturia .
    s. Instruct clients taking loop/thiazide diuretics to
    increase intake of foods high in potassium.
13. Instruct clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics to
    avoid foods high in potassium such as salt substitutes.
    11 0 5 motic Diuretics
    . d b k into the vascular and extravascutar A. Action: P~ll flm . a~erum osmolality to promote space by mcreasmg
    osmotic changes
    8_ Medication
14. Mannitol
    c. Therapeutic Uses .
15. Prevent renal failure related to hypovolem1a
16. Decrease intracranial pressure related to
    cerebral edema
17. Decrease intraocular pressure
    o. Precautions/Interactions
    ,. Use with caution in heart failure .
    E. Side/Adverse Effects
18. Pulmonary edema
19. F&E imbalances
20. Thirst, dry mouth
    CE F. Nursing Interventions and Client Education
21. Monitor daily weight, I&O, and electrolytes.
22. Monitor for signs of hypovolemia.
23. Monitor neurological status.

Sample Solution