Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection, first introduced in The Origin of Species (1859), proved to be one of the most influential ideas of the nineteenth century. Biologists, of course, were excited by a theory which provided an organizing principle to the study of life, but natural selection was also popular with another group, the so-called Social Darwinists, who looked upon Darwin’s theory as a tool that they could use to understand contemporary society. The Social Darwinists felt comfortable using a biological theory to explain politics, war, economics, colonialism, and various other social phenomena.
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