Moral and ethical development in children

Full Answer Section Moral and ethical development has a number of implications for the classroom, school, and society. In the classroom, it can help to create a more positive and supportive environment, reduce conflict, and improve student behavior. In the school, it can help to create a more just and equitable environment, promote positive school climate, and reduce bullying. In society, it can help to create a more peaceful and just world. Key Terms Related to Moral and Ethical Development

• Moral behavior: Behavior that is guided by moral principles.
• Moral reasoning: The process of thinking about and evaluating moral issues.
• Prosocial behavior: Behavior that is helpful and beneficial to others.

Summary of the Six Stages of Moral Development from Kohlberg's Theory Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a stage theory that describes how children's moral reasoning develops over time. The theory identifies six stages, which are arranged in a hierarchical order. The first stage is the pre-conventional level. In this stage, children's moral reasoning is based on rewards and punishments. They believe that right and wrong are determined by what will get them rewarded or punished. The second stage is the conventional level. In this stage, children's moral reasoning is based on social norms and expectations. They believe that right and wrong are determined by what is expected of them by their family, friends, and society. The third stage is the post-conventional level. In this stage, children's moral reasoning is based on abstract principles of justice and fairness. They believe that right and wrong are determined by what is fair and just, regardless of the rules or expectations of others. Which of the Six Stages of Kohlberg's Theory Most Influences Children in the Grade Level I Intend to Teach The stage of moral development that most influences children in the grade level I intend to teach (5th grade) is the conventional level. This is because children in this age group are beginning to understand the importance of social norms and expectations. They are also starting to develop a sense of empathy and understanding for others. Classroom Strategies to Encourage Moral Development and Promote Moral and Prosocial Student Behavior There are a number of classroom strategies that can be used to encourage moral development and promote moral and prosocial student behavior. These strategies include:

• Teaching about moral principles and values. This can be done through discussions, stories, and activities.
• Encouraging children to think about moral issues. This can be done by asking them questions about right and wrong, and by giving them opportunities to make moral choices.
• Modeling moral behavior. Children learn by watching the adults in their lives. It is important to model moral behavior so that children can see how it is done.
• Creating a positive classroom environment. A positive classroom environment is one where children feel safe and respected. This is important for encouraging moral development.
• Providing opportunities for prosocial behavior. This can be done by giving children opportunities to help others, to cooperate, and to resolve conflicts peacefully.

Scholarly Resources

• Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development. New York: Harper & Row.
• Rest, J. R. (1983). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. New York: Praeger.
• Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sample Answer Rationale for the Importance of Promoting Moral and Ethical Development in the Classroom Moral and ethical development is important for children because it helps them to learn how to make good choices, behave in a responsible way, and interact with others in a respectful manner. This is essential for success in the classroom, in school, and in life. When children are taught about moral and ethical principles, they are more likely to make good choices in the moment and to develop a strong moral compass. They are also more likely to be respectful of others and to be able to resolve conflicts peacefully. In addition, moral and ethical development can help to create a more positive and supportive classroom environment. When students feel that they are being treated with respect and that their values are being valued, they are more likely to be engaged in learning and to feel a sense of belonging. Implications of Moral and Ethical Development for the Classroom, School, and Society