Pelvic examination

• • Women are more likely to get UTIs because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than men's. This makes it easier for bacteria to travel from the anus to the urethra.
  • Women also have a narrower urethra, which makes it more difficult for urine to flow out of the bladder completely. This can also increase the risk of UTIs.

• What would you educate to decrease the risk of UTI?

  • I would educate women about the risk factors for UTIs and how to prevent them. Some tips for preventing UTIs include:
    • Drinking plenty of fluids to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
    • Wiping from front to back after using the toilet.
    • Not holding in urine.
    • Emptying the bladder completely when you urinate.
    • Avoiding bubble baths and scented soaps.
    • Taking cranberry supplements.

• Summarize the pros and cons of newborn circumcision.

  • Pros of newborn circumcision:

    • Circumcision can help to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • Circumcision can reduce the risk of penile cancer.
    • Circumcision can make it easier to keep the penis clean.
    • Some parents believe that circumcision is a religious or cultural requirement.

  • Cons of newborn circumcision:

    • Circumcision is a surgical procedure and there is always a risk of complications, such as bleeding, infection, and pain.
    • Circumcision is not always necessary and there is no guarantee that it will prevent UTIs or penile cancer.
    • Some people believe that circumcision is a form of genital mutilation.

• Describe the following signs on a female examination:

  • Goodell's sign: This sign is present when the cervix is soft and boggy, which is a sign of pregnancy.
  • Hegar's sign: This sign is present when the uterus is soft and enlarged, which is a sign of pregnancy.
  • McDonald's sign: This sign is present when the isthmus of the uterus is softened and widened, which is a sign of pregnancy.
  • Chadwick's sign: This sign is present when the bluish coloration of the cervix and vaginal walls is increased, which is a sign of pregnancy.

• Name the characteristics of the following type of hernias:

  • Indirect inguinal hernia: This type of hernia occurs when a loop of intestine bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal wall near the groin. It is more common in men than women.
  • Direct inguinal hernia: This type of hernia also occurs near the groin, but it does not pass through the inguinal canal. It is more common in men who are older or have weakened abdominal muscles.
  • Femoral hernia: This type of hernia occurs in the groin, but it is located below the inguinal canal. It is more common in women than men.

here are the answers to your questions:

• Positions other than the lithotomy in which a pelvic examination can be performed:

  • The Sims position: The patient lies on her side with her knees drawn up to her chest. This position allows for better visualization of the cervix and uterus.
  • The knee-chest position: The patient kneels on the examination table with her chest resting on the table and her knees apart. This position allows for better visualization of the rectum and anus.
  • The standing position: The patient stands with her feet shoulder-width apart and her knees slightly bent. This position allows for better visualization of the urethra and bladder.

• Why are women at a higher risk of UTI than males?