Diagnostic testing or urine samples in pathology labs often examines for the presence of protein or blood as a sign of injury or infection in the kidney.
a) Describe how protein and blood cells are typically excluded from the urine. Include in your answer a description of the glomerular membrane. (5 marks)
Blood and urine tests reveal an individual has highly concentrated urine as a result excessive renin secretion by the kidneys.
b) Describe how excessive renin secretion would lead to the production of highly concentrated urine with low water content. (5 marks)
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