Product Innovation And Management

Case Study 1 – HIV Pre-Exposition Prophylaxis (PrEP) as a Healthcare Innovation

Use the resources provided below to make yourself knowledgeable about the case of PrEP. You are encouraged to conduct your own (online) research on PrEP beyond these sources. Then, drawing on the module contents covered in weeks 1 – 4:

Please answer ALL of the following four questions (submit one document containing four individual answers, one to each question):

1. PrEP has been available in the United States since 2012. Is it reasonable to still refer to PrEP as an innovation in 2019? Discuss with reference to the processual nature of innovation and models of innovation as covered in the course.
2. Researchers have described PrEP as a “gamechanger” in the fight against HIV. Discuss with reference to course materials.
3. One criticism towards the Cyclic Model of Innovation is that it underestimates the role of culture in the success or failure of innovations. What cultural factors play into the success or failure of PrEP as a healthcare innovation? Discuss and support your argument(s) through examples.
4. Analyse the adoption of PrEP using Rogers’ and Moore’s models of diffusion of innovations. At what state of adoption and diffusion (as specified in Rogers’ and Moore’s theories) do you see PrEP in the United Kingdom today? What groups of stakeholders could facilitate the further dissemination of PrEP among relevant target groups? How could they do that?

Case Study information:

PrEP is a pill containing two antiretroviral drugs (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) that, when taken daily, is up to 99% effective in preventing HIV-negative people from contracting the virus (Grant et al. 2010; Molina et al. 2015).

New HIV diagnoses fell by 80% at the UK's biggest sexual health clinic in London between 2015 and 2017 (Dean St, 2017). This dramatic drop is part of a broader trend, as Public Health England (2018) have also recorded double digit declines across the country. Research recently published by the Lancet suggests that “a major contributor to the decline in diagnoses is the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)” (Nwokolo et al. 2017, p.482).

Please watch the following two videos:

Teaser: What is PrEP?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSEQfJxfW4A

TED Talk about PrEP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYxokaUKLZg

Then, make yourself knowledgeable about PrEP and the state of PrEP availability, diffusion, and adoption in the United Kingdom. Start with these resources:

I Want PrEP Now Campaign by the Terrence Higgins Trust (national HIV/AIDS charity): https://www.iwantprepnow.co.uk/
PrEP Impact Trial (currently running) in England: https://www.prepimpacttrial.org.uk/
PrEP resources of 56 Dean St. (largest STI clinic in UK): http://dean.st/prepshop/
The Prepster Project: https://prepster.info/
PrEP information by the San Francisco AIDS foundation: https://prepfacts.org/

In addition to these resources, please do your own research to make yourself knowledgeable until you feel comfortable answering the four case study questions (provided above).

Suggested pathway to succeed in this assignment:

• Make yourself knowledgeable about PrEP
• Review readings and course contents for weeks 1-4
• Sketch draft-answers of assignment questions circling back and forth between contextual resources on PrEP and course contents
• Write the final document, consisting of four individual answers and of no more than 1200 words in total.

Title page, cover sheet, bibliography and appendices (if applicable) do not count against the word limit.

Checklist (VERY IMPORTANT)

• Structure – Write four individual answers, one for each question. Submit one document containing all four answers. Do NOT produce one single (essay-style) text.
• Supportive Evidence – You must use evidence – relevant and reliable information, and/or examples – to support your argument and the claims made.
• Referencing – Use consistent and appropriate referencing according to Harvard style principles.
• Style and Presentation – Your answers should be double-spaced. Double-check your answers for accurate spelling and grammar.
• Submission – The document containing your answers must be submitted through Turnitin (a submission link will be provided on the learn.gold/VLE page). Please see the handbooks on penalties for late submission of coursework.

Key/suggested references:

All assigned readings for weeks 1 – 4. See the VLE page for details.
In addition, see the resources provided above on PrEP.

Tutorial details (e.g., time, room, preparation needed):
Tutorial in week 3. See your individual time table for details

Word limit:
1200 words in total (all four answers combined)

Referencing style (e.g., APA, Harvard):
Harvard

Submission date and time:

Submission details:
Please submit via the online link on the module page and include the following information on the front page of your submission:
• Student ID number
• Programme of study (e.g., BA Economics)
• Module (i.e., Introductory Economics)
• Date
• Assignment title
• Word count

Marking scheme:
Marking will be in accordance with the general IMS undergraduate marking rubric:

1. Answer. (Does the coursework address the question/issue or meet the assigned aims and keep on topic? Is there a comprehensive understanding of the topic?)
2. Structure. (Is the structure clear and material presented in a well argued, coherent and synthesised manner?)
3. Writing Style. (Is the writing fluent and of a good standard with few errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar?)
4. Level of Reading. (Is the topic well researched and supported? Is there evidence of using a range of high quality sources?)
5. Quality of Referencing. (Is the work appropriately sourced? Are the references well formatted and written up accurately and consistently?)

Any other information

Sample Solution