production affect pricing and production quantity decisions of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.
Assignment 8
In this Assignment, you will be assessed on the followin" rel="nofollow">ing outcomes:
AB224-3: Examin" rel="nofollow">ine how changes in" rel="nofollow">in the cost of production affect pricin" rel="nofollow">ing and production quantity decisions of a firm in" rel="nofollow">in a perfectly competitive market.
GEL-8.5: Apply critical thin" rel="nofollow">inkin" rel="nofollow">ing to the field of study.
Assignment
In this Assignment, you will defin" rel="nofollow">ine and calculate the remain" rel="nofollow">inin" rel="nofollow">ing six major cost elements of a busin" rel="nofollow">iness, when given the Total Costs and the Quantity Produced, as well as to use the computed costs to determin" rel="nofollow">ine a min" rel="nofollow">inimum cost output level for that busin" rel="nofollow">iness. In addition, you will compute both the break-even price and the shut-down price for a hypothetical busin" rel="nofollow">iness in" rel="nofollow">in a perfectly competitive market, and determin" rel="nofollow">ine if that busin" rel="nofollow">iness would in" rel="nofollow">incur an economic profit at various market prices, and should the firm contin" rel="nofollow">inue to produce at each of those price levels.
Questions
Table 2.a. shows an LED light bulb manufacturer’s total cost of producin" rel="nofollow">ing LED light bulbs.
Table 2.a.
Cases of LED light bulbs produced in" rel="nofollow">in an hour Total Cost
0 $4,500
10 $4,900
20 $5,100
30 $5,300
40 $5,400
50 $5,700
60 $6,700
70 $7,900
80 $9,700
90 $11,800
1. What is this manufacturer’s fixed cost? Explain" rel="nofollow">in why.
2. Assumin" rel="nofollow">ing that you only know the Total Costs (TC) (as is shown in" rel="nofollow">in the Table 2.a. above) explain" rel="nofollow">in how you would calculate each of the followin" rel="nofollow">ing:
a. Variable Cost (VC);
b. Average Variable Cost (AVC);
c. Average Total Cost (ATC);
d. Average Fixed Cost (AFC); and,
e. Margin" rel="nofollow">inal Costs (of a sin" rel="nofollow">ingle case).
3. In Table 3.a., for each level of output, in" rel="nofollow">insert in" rel="nofollow">into the table the values for:
a. the Variable Cost (VC);
b. the Average Variable Cost (AVC);
c. the Average Total Cost (ATC); and,
d. the Average Fixed Cost (AFC).
Table 3.a.
Cases of LED light bulbs produced in" rel="nofollow">in an hour Total Cost Variable Costs Average Variable Costs Average Total Costs Average Fixed Cost
a. b. c. d.
0 $4,500 n/a n/a n/a
10 $4,900
20 $5,100
30 $5,300
40 $5,400
50 $5,700
60 $6,700
70 $7,900
80 $9,700
90 $11,800
e. Given the in" rel="nofollow">information you computed in" rel="nofollow">in Table 3.a., what is the min" rel="nofollow">inimum cost output Level? Explain" rel="nofollow">in why.
4. Brenda Smith operates her own farm, raisin" rel="nofollow">ing chickens and producin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs. She sells her eggs at the local farmers’ market, where there are several other egg producers’ also sellin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs by the dozen. (Brenda operates in" rel="nofollow">in a perfectly competitive market in" rel="nofollow">in which she is a “price taker.”) In order to make sure she does not lose money on sellin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs, she does an analysis of her costs for producin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs as shown on Table 4.a.
Table 4.a.
Dozens of eggs Fixed Cost Total Cost Variable Costs Average Variable Costs per dozen Average Total Costs per dozen
0 $3.35 $3.35 n/a n/a n/a
10 $3.35 $10.50 $7.15 $0.72 $1.05
20 $3.35 $16.40 $13.05 $0.65 $0.82
30 $3.35 $23.10 $19.75 $0.66 $0.77
40 $3.35 $30.00 $26.65 $0.67 $0.75
50 $3.35 $36.50 $33.15 $0.66 $0.73
60 $3.35 $48.00 $44.65 $0.74 $0.80
70 $3.35 $64.40 $61.05 $0.87 $0.92
80 $3.35 $80.00 $76.65 $0.96 $1.00
90 $3.35 $135.00 $131.65 $1.46 $1.50
a. What is Brenda’s break-even price for a dozen of eggs? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you found that answer.
b. What is Brenda’s shut-down price for a dozen of eggs? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you found that answer.
c. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is $1.45 per dozen, will Brenda make an economic profit? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
d. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is $1.45 per dozen, should Brenda contin" rel="nofollow">inue producin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs in" rel="nofollow">in the short run? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
e. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is 72 cents per dozen, will Brenda make an economic profit? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
f. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is 72 cents per dozen, should Brenda contin" rel="nofollow">inue producin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs in" rel="nofollow">in the short run? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
g. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is 64 cents per dozen, will Brenda make an economic profit? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
h. If the market price of a dozen eggs at the local farmers’ market is 64 cents per dozen, should Brenda contin" rel="nofollow">inue producin" rel="nofollow">ing eggs in" rel="nofollow">in the short run? Explain" rel="nofollow">in how you determin" rel="nofollow">ined your answer.
Discussion 9
Topic: Real-World Monopolies
Describe an example of a real-world in" rel="nofollow">industry or market that would be considered by economists to be a natural monopoly.
1. What characteristics of the in" rel="nofollow">industry make it a monopoly?
2. What is the impact of the monopoly power on its customers?
3. Why might government want to regulate natural monopolies?
4. How might such regulation be structured?