Chapter 11 offers ideas about the development of prosocial and altruistic behavior, beginning in infancy. Four determinants of prosocial development are discussed: biological influences, environmental influences, cultural influences, and the empathy/perspective taking that is facilitated by maturation.
Find a recent news story about someone who was praised as being a hero or a philanthropist, going “above and beyond” to help another person or cause. Briefly state the facts of the story, then describe how influences in each these four areas could explain how this individual developed an inclination for altruism.
Full Answer Section
- Neurobiology: Certain brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, play a role in empathy and prosocial behavior. David may have a neurobiological makeup that predisposes him to act altruistically.
2. Environmental Influences:
- Positive Role Models: David may have witnessed acts of kindness and altruism from his parents, teachers, or other role models, which influenced his own behavior.
- Socialization: The values and norms of his community or culture may have encouraged prosocial behavior.
- Personal Experiences: David may have had personal experiences that shaped his values and motivated him to help others, such as overcoming adversity or receiving support from others.
3. Cultural Influences:
- Cultural Norms: The cultural norms and values of David's society may emphasize the importance of helping others and contributing to the community.
- Collective vs. Individualistic Cultures: Cultures that prioritize the collective good may be more likely to foster prosocial behavior than individualistic cultures.
4. Empathy and Perspective-Taking:
- Empathy: David may have a strong capacity for empathy, allowing him to understand and share the emotions of others.
- Perspective-Taking: He may be able to see the situation from the child's perspective and understand the urgency of the situation.
Conclusion
David's heroic actions can be attributed to a complex interplay of biological, environmental, cultural, and individual factors. His prosocial behavior is likely the result of a combination of genetic predispositions, positive role models, cultural values, and his own personal experiences and character.
Sample Answer
News Story:
A recent news story highlighted the heroic actions of a young man named David who rescued a child from a burning building. Despite the personal risk involved, David rushed into the flames without hesitation to save the child's life. His selfless act has earned him widespread praise and recognition.
Analysis of Prosocial Development
1. Biological Influences:
- Genetics: David may have inherited genetic predispositions that make him more likely to engage in prosocial behavior. Research suggests that genetic factors can influence empathy, compassion, and altruism.