Provide a quick review of the following ideas that you have been exposed to in other courses:
Scales of measurement
Statistical significance and the null hypothesis
Correlation
Sample Answer
Alright, let's do a quick review of those key statistical concepts:
1. Scales of Measurement:
- Nominal Scale:
- Categorical data where categories have no inherent order.
- Examples: Colors (red, blue, green), gender (male, female), types of fruit (apple, banana, orange).
- You can count frequencies, but not calculate averages.
- Ordinal Scale:
- Categorical data with a meaningful order or ranking.
- Examples: Rating scales (poor, fair, good), educational levels (high school, college, graduate).
- You can rank data, but the intervals between categories may not be equal.
- Interval Scale:
- Numerical data with equal intervals between values, but no true zero point.
- Examples: Temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
- You can calculate averages and differences, but ratios are not meaningful.
- Ratio Scale:
- Numerical data with equal intervals and a true zero point.
- Examples: Height, weight, age, income.
- You can perform all mathematical operations, including ratios.
2. Statistical Significance and the Null Hypothesis: