- In the early decades of the 20th century, Frank Lloyd Wright and Adolf Loos pioneered new ways to conceptualize architectural space.Contrast and compare their respective spatial concepts. How can you describe these concepts? How did they relate to function and structure? How were they similar or different? Please use specific examples to illustrate your answer and sketch whatever you can. 2. Avant-garde movements strove not only to improve, but to radically transform the existing order, consciously going far beyond its own time. Because of this visionary quality, avant-garde projects in architecture often remained on paper. So far in this course, we have talked about several avant-garde movements, including Futurism, Expressionism, De Stijl, and Constructivism. Please pick two visionary projects from different movements and explain how they sought to transform architecture and society. Make sure to compare their motivations, formal expressions, and assumptions about material and technology. 3. What do you know about Russian Constructivism? What were the social and political conditions under which it developed? Who were its most famous representatives and institutions? What were its chief ideas and social aspirations? What buildings exemplify its goals? 4. Ever since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the harsh living conditions of the working class inspired various calls for social reform. By the early twentieth century these calls resulted in large-scale housing projects such as the Red Vienna and New Frankfurt. Please summarize the main concerns and strategies of these projects, as well as their architectural manifestations. 5. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's career spans a long period from his iconic early projects in Germany the 1920s, to the large-scale American buildings of the 1950s. How did his architecture evolve during this period? How are his American buildings different from those he built in Germany? Please compare these two phases of Mies's career to illustrate his concept of space, compositional strategies, and attitudes towards tectonics and materiality. Use sketches to illustrate your points. 6. The Bauhaus was one of the most influential schools of architecture in history. Walter Gropius's building in Dessau is similarly one of the most famous examples of functionalism. What was lunctionalisf about the Bauhaus, both the institution and the building? Who were the key figures in its history? Please analyze the
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