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Science of Learning

In your pre-observation conversation with Dr. Lydia, she asks for your guidance on distinguishing between major learning theories. You decide to create a brief chart as a quick reference showing the differences between Behaviorism and Constructivism as they pertain to adult learners like those in Dr. Lydia’s class.

Instructions
Create a chart comparing Behaviorism and Constructivism. Include the following elements:
o Definition of the theory
o Role of the learner and instructor
o Focus of learning and the process
o Assessment approach
o Learning environment
o Resources
After completing the chart, summarize which learning theory is the best fit for adult learners and why.

Full Answer Section

Best Fit for Adult Learners

While both Behaviorism and Constructivism have their place in education, Constructivism is generally considered a better fit for adult learners. This is because adult learners are often self-motivated and bring a wealth of prior knowledge and experiences to the learning process. Constructivist approaches, which emphasize active learning, problem-solving, and real-world applications, align well with the needs and preferences of adult learners. By providing opportunities for learners to construct their own understanding, constructivist approaches can foster deeper learning and critical thinking skills.

Sample Answer

FeatureBehaviorismConstructivismDefinitionA learning theory that suggests learning occurs through stimulus-response associations and reinforcement.A learning theory that emphasizes the active role of the learner in constructing knowledge through experience and reflection.Role of LearnerPassive recipient of information.Active participant in the learning process, constructing meaning.Role of InstructorProvides structured learning experiences, rewards correct responses, and shapes behavior.Facilitates learning, provides opportunities for exploration, and encourages critical thinking.Focus of LearningObservable behaviors and skills.Meaningful understanding and problem-solving skills.Learning ProcessRepetition, practice, and reinforcement.Active engagement, reflection, and social interaction.Assessment ApproachStandardized tests, quizzes, and performance-based assessments.Authentic assessments, portfolios, and self-assessment.Learning EnvironmentStructured and teacher-centered.Flexible and learner-centered.ResourcesTextbooks, worksheets, and lectures.Real-world experiences, group work, and technology.