Full Answer Section

1. • Prevention of Disease Progression: In conditions like diabetes or hypertension, screening can identify risk factors or early signs, allowing for lifestyle modifications or medication to prevent or delay the onset of full-blown disease and its complications.
2. Reduced Morbidity and Mortality:
   • Population Health Impact: Effective screening programs can reduce the overall burden of specific diseases within a population, leading to fewer severe cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.
   • Public Health Surveillance: Screening data can provide valuable insights into disease prevalence and trends, informing public health strategies and resource allocation.
3. Cost-Effectiveness (in specific cases):
   • While screening involves initial costs, detecting and treating diseases early can prevent the need for more expensive and complex treatments in advanced stages, potentially leading to overall healthcare cost savings.
4. Patient Empowerment and Education:
   • Screening can raise awareness about specific health conditions, encouraging individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles and take a more proactive role in their own health management.

Disadvantages of Screening:

1. False Positives:
   • Unnecessary Anxiety and Stress: A false positive result (indicating the condition is present when it isn’t) can cause significant psychological distress, anxiety, and fear for the individual and their family.