The "Silk Road" was an ancient network of trade routes that extended across Europe and Asia, linking powerful civilizations such as China and Rome. The Silk Road flourished from about 1500 B.C. to A.D. 1500 and extended from China through Central Asia to the Caspian and Black Seas. Bounded by mountains to the north and south, this central corridor consisted of a broad desert punctuated by oases.Silk actually composed a relatively small portion of the trade along the Silk Road. Eastbound caravans brought gold, precious metals and stones, textiles, ivory, and coral; while westbound caravans transported furs, ceramics, cinnamon bark, rhubarb, and bronze weapons. The oasis towns that made the overland journey possible became
important trading posts —commercial centers where caravans would take on fresh animals, goods, and merchants. These cities prospered considerably, with merchants and traders making large profits on the goods that were bought and sold. Most traders sold their loads to middlemen who would make the final transaction further down the line. Very few caravans, including the people, animals, and goods they transported,would complete the entire route. Instead, goods were passed along through an intricate network of middlemen. These businessmen had to contend not only with the usual concerns of supply and demand but also sandstorms, ice storms, thieves, and feudal
warlords.Travel along the Silk Road was very difficult and extremely dangerous. Dry deserts with no water for miles and mountain passes with avalanches, heavy snow, and spring flooding made the road perilous at all times of year. Bandits lay in wait to rob travelers.To protect themselves, traders often traveled in large groups. Traders often used camels to travel the Silk Road and carry their goods from one place to another, because camels could travel a long distance without water. But camels could not carry extremely heavy goods over the mountains and across the deserts. As a result, the Silk Road was not used to carry raw materials, such as lumber. Instead, it was used primarily to transport small, luxury goods such as silk
and porcelain.
•Learn about the geography and topography of China and surrounding countries
•Discover how ideas, cultures, and goods were exchanged through the Silk Road
•Relate the ideas of trade and globalization to today
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