The 2018 edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report stated that nearly 6 billion peoples would suffer from clean water scarcity by 2050. This is the result of increasing demand for water, reduction of water resources, and increasing pollution of water, driven by dramatic population and economic growth. The strain on the water system will grow by 2050 when the world population reaches between 9.4 and 10.2 billion, a 22 to 34% increase. The pressure will be aggravated by unequal population growth in different areas unrelated to local resources. Most of this population growth is expected in developing countries, first in Africa, and then in Asia, where scarcity of clean water is already a significant issue. The problem of water pollution is a weak part of the WWDR. Pollution is becoming worse, especially in the last few decades, but seems to be inadequately reported. Pollution of water is correlated with population density and economic growth. At present, 12% of the world population drinks water from unimproved and unsafe sources. More than 30% of the world population, or 2.4 billion people, lives without any form of sanitation. Lack of sanitation contributes to water pollution. 90% of sewage in developing countries is discharged into the water untreated (Boretti, & Rosa, 2019).
Impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are involved. About 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In many parts of the world, water scarcity results in inadequate access to safe drinking water, and this can lead to the spread of infectious diseases through fecal contamination of drinking water (waterborne diseases), such as typhoid and salmonellosis. Safe drinking water, as well as freshwater resources, are severely hampered by the effects of climatic variabilities, such as salinity intrusion, drought during the dry season, and floods during the wet season. As a result, an overwhelming majority of the people are struggling to get safe drinking water. Among them, more than 50% are affected by various health-related problems through waterborne diseases. However, reliable drinking water measures and health care facilities are inadequate compared to demand, as the existing number of limited health centers that are present (Abedin et al, 2019).
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