Which of the following is true about the design: QUAL + QUAN?
Answers: a. It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
b.
It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
c.
It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
d.
It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design
• Question 4
0.25 out of 0.25 points
According to ______, research components should be mixed in a way the researcher believes will work when taking the research problem, research question, and research circumstance into consideration.
Answers: a. pragmatist philosophy
b.
constructivist philosophy
c.
positivist philosophy
d.
structuralist philosophy
• Question 5
0.25 out of 0.25 points
A contingency table with frequencies and column percentages that looks at the relationship between handedness and college majors is presented below. Is there a likely relationship between handedness and major?
Answers: a. Yes
b.
No
• Question 6
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Due to the fact that conducting mixed research studies requires expertise in both qualitative and quantitative strategies, some pragmatist researchers suggest that multiple researchers be involved in these projects.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 7
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution?
Answers: a. 34%
b.
95%
c.
99%
d.
68%
• Question 8
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Among the following choices, which one best allows people to visualize the relationship between two quantitative variables?
Answers: a. A contingency table
b.
A bar graph
c.
A scatter plot
d.
A frequency distribution
• Question 9
0.25 out of 0.25 points
What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?
Answers: a. Make inferences about a population from a sample
b.
Test hypotheses
c.
Make interval estimates
d.
Summarize and explain a set of data
• Question 10
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Among the following, which could be considered a limitation of mixed research designs?
Answers: a. Mixed research designs usually require more time and resources.
b.
Expertise in quantitative and qualitative research is required.
c.
Sometimes the qualitative and quantitative data present contradictory findings.
d.
all of the above.
• Question 11
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Four sets of intervals for grouped frequency distributions are presented below. The data on which they are based has scores ranging from 0 to 49. Only one set of intervals belowmeets the necessary criteria for groupings. Select the one that meets the criteria:
Answers: a. 40-49
30-39
20-29
10-19
0-9
b.
40-49
30-39
20-29
10-19
1-9
c.
40-49
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-9
d.
30-40
20-30
10-20
0-10
• Question 12
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Measures of variability indicate
Answers: a. Where the modal score lies
b.
The median score value
c.
The degree of skewness in the distribution
d.
How spread out scores are in a distribution
• Question 13
0.25 out of 0.25 points
On an IQ test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what is the z score for someone with an IQ of 130?
Answers: a. +1.30
b.
+2.00
c.
+1.00
d.
+13
• Question 14
0.25 out of 0.25 points
An advantage of the mean as a measure of central tendency is?
Answers: a. It is not influenced by extreme scores
b.
It is representative even when there is extreme skewness
c.
It is the most precise measure of central tendency
d.
It can be used with nominal variables
• Question 15
0.25 out of 0.25 points
The difference between the regression coefficient in a simple regression and the regression coefficients in a multiple regression is what?
Answers: a. The simple regression coefficient is always less than one.
b.
The multiple regression coefficients do not control for other independent variables.
c.
The simple regression coefficient does not control for other independent variables.
d.
There are no differences between simple and multiple regression.
• Question 16
0.25 out of 0.25 points
A z score of 0.00 means that:
Answers: a. A person had zero points on a test
b.
A person scored at the mean
c.
A person scored below the mean
d.
A person scored in the bottom percentile
• Question 17
0.25 out of 0.25 points
Dr. Whim designed a mixed methods research study with the purpose of seeking convergence, corroboration, and correspondence of the results from each research strand. What is the formal name of this strategy?
Answers: a. Expansion
b.
Development
c.
Initiation
d.
Triangulation
• Question 18
0 out of 0.25 points
Mark achieved a percentile rank of 70 on a standardized math test. What does that mean?
Answers: a. He did poorly, since he only correctly answered 70% of the questions.
b.
He did well in that he scored higher than 70% of the people that took the test.
c.
He did well, in that he answered 70% of the items correctly.
d.
He did poorly since he only answered 70% of the items that an average individual would answer correctly.
• Question 19
0.25 out of 0.25 points
A graph that plots out the relationship between two quantitative variables is called:
Answers: a. Line graph
b.
Scatter plot
c.
Bar graph
d.
Frequency distribution
• Question 20
0.25 out of 0.25 points
When is the median is the best measure of central tendency?
Answers: a. The data are in a symmetrical distribution
b.
When there are a large number of cases
c.
There is a great deal of variability in the scores
d.
The data are highly skewed
• Question 1
2 out of 2 points
The variable that is thought to be influenced by one or more independent variables is called a(n)
Answers: a. Categorical variable
b.
Dependent variable
c.
Independent variable
d.
Intervening variable
• Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Which position views that knowledge comes from experience?
Answers: a. Rationalism
b.
Empiricism
c.
Innatism
d.
Nativism
• Question 3
2 out of 2 points
The main focus of basic research is:
Answers: a. Current educational interventions
b.
Immediate solutions
c.
Practical questions
d.
Fundamental knowledge
• Question 4
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following variables is measured on a ratio scale?
Answers: a. IQ
b.
Class Rank
c.
Gender
d.
Time to finish an assignment measured in seconds
• Question 5
2 out of 2 points
Which item below is not included in a good research proposal:
Answers: a. Introduction to the research topic
b.
Specification of the research participants
c.
Specification of the procedure by which the data are to be collected
d.
Discussion of the results of the research study
e.
Proposed analysis of the data obtained from the research participants
• Question 6
2 out of 2 points
What type of research is centered on solving specific problems that local educators face in their schools and communities?
Answers: a. Evaluation research
b.
Basic research
c.
Action research
d.
Orientational research
• Question 7
2 out of 2 points
If you assessed the ethics of a research study by comparing the costs of the research relative to the benefits, you would have used which ethical approach?
Answers: a. Utilitarianism
b.
Deontology
c.
Ethical skepticism
d.
Comparativeism
• Question 8
2 out of 2 points
The rule of parsimony suggests that researchers ought to:
Answers: a. Use the most complex theory
b.
Use an inductive method
c.
Use experimental designs
d.
Prefer the simplest theory that works
• Question 9
2 out of 2 points
A "who does what, when chart" is the outcome of which phase of the action research cycle?
Answers: a. Reflect
b.
Plan
c.
Act
d.
Observe
• Question 10
2 out of 2 points
To specify the appropriate way of analyzing data from a quantitative study, you must have some knowledge of ___________.
Answers: a. statistics
b.
research design
c.
coding
d.
the characteristics of the research participants
• Question 11
2 out of 2 points
What type of research is the inductive or exploratory scientific method most associated with?
Answers: a. quantitative
b.
qualitative
c.
correlational
d.
mixed
• Question 12
2 out of 2 points
A test has a coefficient alpha of .75. This is evidence of:
Answers: a. Criterion-related validity evidence
b.
Content-related validity evidence
c.
Internal consistency reliability
d.
Test-retest reliability
e.
Alternate forms reliability
• Question 13
2 out of 2 points
In a ___________ study there is a specific way of analyzing the data whereas in a _______________ study there is no single "correct" way of analyzing the data.
Answers: a. quantitative; qualitative
b.
qualitative, ethnographic
c.
qualitative; quantitative
d.
phenomenological; qualitative
• Question 14
2 out of 2 points
The optimal number of participants who should participate in a focus group is 20.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 15
2 out of 2 points
A way to gather ideas for an action research project is to have a colleague observe you teach and suggest ways you could improve your teaching. This is an example of using a(n)
Answers: a. action plan.
b.
who does what, when chart.
c.
critical friend.
d.
action research journal.
• Question 16
2 out of 2 points
When a researcher looks for a specific number of people with a unique characteristic to serve in her sample, and she recruits such individuals until she has the number she wants,this is known as:
Answers: a. Quota sampling
b.
Cluster sampling
c.
Stratified random sampling
d.
Snowball sampling
• Question 17
0 out of 2 points
The goals of action research include
Answers: a. producing knowledge for knowledge's sake
b.
the importance of generalizability
c.
an emphasis on the particular
d.
all of the above
• Question 18
2 out of 2 points
Referring to the principle of evidence, empirical research suggests degrees of evidence but it does not provide proof.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 19
2 out of 2 points
An educational researcher is studying underachievement of gifted students in a qualitative study. She samples two children who are overachieving and two children who areunderachieving. What sampling technique did she use?
Answers: a. Maximum-variation sampling
b.
Extreme-case sampling
c.
Homogeneous sample selection
d.
Typical-case sampling
• Question 20
2 out of 2 points
When you draft a research proposal, the purpose of the ________________ section is to convince the reader of the importance of your study.
Answers: a. abstract
b.
introduction
c.
method
d.
procedure
• Question 21
2 out of 2 points
What form of research is critical action research a type of?
Answers: a. evaluation research.
b.
basic research.
c.
orientational research.
d.
none of the above.
• Question 22
2 out of 2 points
Dr. Rice stated that the purpose of his study was to explore the ways by which students learned to interact with people from other cultures. This purpose statement would most likely come from a:
Answers: a. Qualitative study
b.
Quantitative study investigating a causal connection
c.
Quantitative study investigating a predictive relationship
d.
Heuristic study
• Question 23
2 out of 2 points
To make a set of categories exhaustive, one must:
Answers: a. Not use ranges of responses
b.
Not use closed-ended items
c.
Not use mutually exclusive categories
d.
Include responses that will account for all possible responses
• Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Concurrent validity evidence refers to:
Answers: a. The relationship between test scores and criterion scores obtained at the same time.
b.
Whether scores on a test correlated with scores on the same test given a week later.
c.
Whether a test predicts scores on some criterion measure (e.g., success in training).
d.
Whether a test has an adequate coefficient alpha.
• Question 25
2 out of 2 points
What problem is evident in this question: "Should teachers be given raises and shorter work days?"
Answers: a. It's a leading question
b.
It's an open-ended question
c.
It's a double barreled question
d.
It's too short
• Question 26
2 out of 2 points
Political party affiliation is an example of which type of measurement?
Answers: a. Ratio
b.
Ordinal
c.
Nominal
d.
Interval
• Question 27
2 out of 2 points
The participants section of a research proposal should give general information about the subjects, such as age range and where they are located, but should never indicate if they are volunteers or are compensated in some way.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 28
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following research methods produces the strongest evidence for causality?
Answers: a. Experimental
b.
Causal-comparative
c.
Correlational
d.
Ethnography
• Question 29
2 out of 2 points
A good quantitative problem statement:
Answers: a. Is very general about what relationships are predicted.
b.
Conveys a sense of emerging design.
c.
Defines a global question only.
d.
Specifies the relationship that the researcher expects to find.
• Question 30
2 out of 2 points
What is it called when participants respond in a particular way regardless of content?
Answers: a. A Likert scale
b.
A double-barreled question
c.
A semantic differential
d.
A response set
• Question 31
0 out of 2 points
An educational researcher is interested in the effects of problem solving skills on students' abilities to solve mathematics problems. She randomly assigns students to either learn the strategies, or to remain in a control group. She then compares their performance on a complex problem-solving task. The student performance scores on the complex problem task are the:
Answers: a. Independent variable
b.
Dependent variable
c.
Moderating variable
d.
Mediating variable
• Question 32
2 out of 2 points
The main reason for conducting a literature review for a quantitative study is to:
Answers: a. Determine which statistical test to use
b.
Find the proper phrasing of the research hypothesis
c.
Gain an understanding of the current state of knowledge in the area
d.
Determine who the research participants should be
• Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which is most likely to decrease participation in research studies?
Answers: a. Active Consent
b.
Passive Consent
c.
Waving Consent
d.
None of the above
• Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following need(s) to be obtained when doing research with children?
Answers: a. Informed consent from the parent or guardian
b.
Assent from the child if he or she is capable
c.
Informed consent from the child
d.
Both a. and b.
• Question 35
2 out of 2 points
In interviews, the purpose of using a probe is to
Answers: a. to improve understanding and the depth or responses.
b.
establish rapport with the interviewee.
c.
make the interview last longer.
d.
all of the above
• Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Typically, as sample size increases, sampling error does what?
Answers: a. Increases
b.
Decreases
c.
Stays the same
d.
Both increases and decreases
• Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Every fifteen minutes a camera comes on in a classroom and records for three minutes in order to take a sampling of what is occuring in this class. This is called time-interval sampling.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 38
2 out of 2 points
A scientific hypothesis must be able to be supported or refuted by empirical evidence.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 39
2 out of 2 points
A meta-analysis is:
Answers: a. A quantitative review of the literature
b.
A qualitative study
c.
Part of the research plan
d.
A narrative review of the literature
• Question 40
0 out of 2 points
An introductory employment test correlates .90 with work performance after one service year. This is a type of:
Answers: a. Criterion-related validity evidence
b.
Content-related validity evidence
c.
Internal consistency reliability
d.
Convergent/discriminant validity
e.
Alternate forms reliability
• Question 41
2 out of 2 points
Generally, a study is ethical to perform if:
Answers: a. The benefits outweigh the costs associated with the study.
b.
The costs outweigh the benefits associated with the study.
c.
There is at least one benefit from the study.
d.
The study will advance knowledge regardless of the costs.
• Question 42
2 out of 2 points
A researcher is interested in surveying doctors from a local hospital to examine their continuing education needs. She decides that she will obtain a sample that contains physicians from a variety of specialties. She separates the list of the population up by specialty, and then randomly selects the number of physicians within each specialty in proportion to their percentage in the population. What is this type of sampling?
Answers: a. Simple random
b.
Systematic
c.
Stratified random
d.
One stage cluster
• Question 43
2 out of 2 points
What type of interviews ask questions in the natural course of conversation and in no predetermined order?
Answers: a. Standardized open-ended interviews
b.
Closed quantitative interview
c.
The interview guide approach
d.
The informal conversational interview
• Question 44
2 out of 2 points
The following scatterplot indicates
Answers: a. No relationship
b.
A positive relationship
c.
A negative relationship
d.
A nonlinear relationship
• Question 45
2 out of 2 points
Dehoaxing refers to:
Answers: a. Helping to squelch rumors about research.
b.
Helping participants get over any stress from being deceived.
c.
Telling participants about any deception and the reasons for its use in the study.
d.
A form of deception.
• Question 46
2 out of 2 points
An item that directs respondents to different follow-up questions depending on their responses is known as a:
Answers: a. Contingency question
b.
Leading question
c.
Loaded question
d.
Response Dependent question
• Question 47
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?
Answers: a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
b.
Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
c.
Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
d.
Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
• Question 48
0 out of 2 points
When a researcher serves as a participant-as-observer, he or she:
Answers: a. Participates without revealing his or her identity to other participants in the setting
b.
Does not participate, but only observes the activities of the other participants
c.
Tells the other participants that he or she is a researcher and only observes
d.
Participates in the setting, and tells others he or she is a researcher
• Question 49
0 out of 2 points
Which type of learning looks at and questions assumptions, values, realities, reasons for actions, and how a problem relates to the larger system?
Answers: a. Single-loop learning
b.
Insight learning
c.
Double-loop learning
d.
Theory in use learning
• Question 50
2 out of 2 points
The question, "Please describe how you feel about the new test-preparation system" would most likely appear on a:
Answers: a. Quantitative Questionnaire
b.
Qualitative Questionnaire
c.
Demographic Questionnaire
d.
none of the above
• Question 1
2 out of 2 points
Among qualitative research techniques, narrative inquiry is one of the oldest forms.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following steps ought to occur first in hypothesis testing?
Answers: a. Obtain the probability value
b.
Determine practical significance
c.
Set the significance level
d.
Compare the probability value with the significance level
• Question 3
2 out of 2 points
Two physics teachers at two different schools are friends. A new physics program is introduced to them at a state conference. The two teachers decide to test the new program by having one teacher use it, and one use the traditional program. An AP physics test is given to each class and the teachers decide to use the results to compare the programs of instruction. Which type of research design is this?
Answers: a. One-group posttest-only design
b.
One-group pretest-posttest design
c.
Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
d.
Nonequivalent posttest-only design
• Question 4
2 out of 2 points
Quasi-experiments differ from strong experiments because of:
Answers: a. The lack of a control group
b.
The lack of a pretest
c.
The lack of random assignment
d.
The lack of a posttest
• Question 5
0 out of 2 points
What can be said about this design: QUALQUAN?
Answers: a. It is an equal-status concurrent mixed methods design
b.
It is an equal-status sequential mixed methods design
c.
It is a primary status concurrent mixed methods design
d.
It is a primary status sequential mixed methods design
• Question 6
2 out of 2 points
Which characteristic below best illustrates an experiement?
Answers: a. Use of several dependent variables
b.
Focus on prediction of criterion variables
c.
Studying a phenomenon as it naturally occurs
d.
Studying a phenomenon under strictly controlled conditions
• Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Which of the items below is typical of qualitative research?
Answers: a. Use of inferential statistics
b.
Random sampling
c.
Random assignment to groups
d.
Emergent design flexibility
• Question 8
2 out of 2 points
The consistency across different data coders is called:
Answers: a. The master list
b.
Intracoder reliability
c.
Intercoder reliability
d.
Co-occurring codes
• Question 9
2 out of 2 points
Which of the items below suggests an advantage of using the mean as a measure of central tendency?
Answers: a. It is not influenced by extreme scores
b.
It is representative even when there is extreme skewness
c.
It is very stable from sample to sample
d.
It can be used with nominal variables
• Question 10
2 out of 2 points
Researcher Puck is conducting a study on the effects of a preschool program on future school achievement. She selects children ONLY from low socio-economic-status (SES) homes because she feels that SES is a potential extraneous variable. The control technique used was:
Answers: a. Matching
b.
Random assignment
c.
Holding the extraneous variable constant
d.
Statistically controlling the extraneous variable
• Question 11
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is used to symbolize the population mean?
Answers: a. r
b.
m
c.
SD
d.
s
• Question 12
2 out of 2 points
If you increase the sample size in a research study, the power will ________.
Answers: a. decrease
b.
not impact
c.
increase
d.
be unrelated to
• Question 13
2 out of 2 points
The main focus of the written report in a grounded theory study is:
Answers: a. On a rich description of context and culture.
b.
On a rich description of the essential structures of experience.
c.
On the presentation of the inductively generated theory.
d.
On a rich description of the context and operation of the case or cases studied.
• Question 14
2 out of 2 points
Dr. Baynes conducted a mixed methods research study with the goals of seeking convergence, corroboration, and correspondence of the results from the different methods employed. What is the formal name for this purpose?
Answers: a. Expansion
b.
Development
c.
Complementarity
d.
Triangulation
• Question 15
2 out of 2 points
Professor Klash conducts an investigation examining the effect teaching styles have on student achievement. Because she is concerned that the gender of teachers might be a confounding factor, she recruits only female instructors. The control technique used was:
Answers: a. Holding the extraneous variable constant
b.
Statistical control
c.
Matching
d.
Random assignment
• Question 16
2 out of 2 points
In order to rule out rival hypothesis in an A-B-A research design, what important assumption must exist?
Answers: a. That single participants will cooperate with long-term observations
b.
That the participant actually believes that the treatment has an effect
c.
That the observation of the behavior is fun
d.
That the effects of the treatment are reversible upon withdrawal
• Question 17
2 out of 2 points
What methods of data collection are generally used in grounded theory studies?
Answers: a. Standardized tests
b.
Interviews
c.
Observations
d.
B and C
• Question 18
2 out of 2 points
A threat to interrupted time-series designs is history, but this is not a threat to nonequivalent comparison-group designs.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 19
2 out of 2 points
Among the control techniques below, which has the strongest power to insure that extraneous variables do not cause differential effects on the various groups participating in the experiment?
Answers: a. Random assignment
b.
Matching
c.
Counterbalancing
d.
Precision matching
• Question 20
2 out of 2 points
How would a confidence interval change if the sample size were increased? (Assuming all other things are equal.)
Answers: a. It will become narrower
b.
It will not change
c.
It will become wider
d.
The sample size has no effect of the width of a confidence interval
• Question 21
2 out of 2 points
What is defined as the probability of the observed result of your study or a more extreme result, if the null hypothesis were true?
Answers: a. Alternative hypothesis
b.
Null hypothesis
c.
Probability value
d.
Significance level
• Question 22
2 out of 2 points
When a grounded theorist has collected all the possible information and data related to her grounded theory from a particular context, what has been reached?
Answers: a. Ethnocentrism
b.
Axial coding
c.
Constant comparative analysis
d.
Theoretical saturation
• Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Let's assume that children's achievement in school is related to the income level of the children's parents. Which of the following statements suggests that this is a spurious relationship?
Answers: a. There is no relationship once you statistically control for parent education.
b.
There is a relationship even after statistically controlling parent education.
c.
There is a relationship, even when parent education is held constant.
d.
There is a smaller relationship once parent education is taken into account.
• Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Which of the items below about nonexperimental research is true?
Answers: a. Nonexperimental research lacks manipulation of the independent variable.
b.
Nonexperimental research is often based on what naturally occurs or has already occurred.
c.
The researcher studies how variables are related in nonexperimental research.
d.
All of the above are true.
• Question 25
2 out of 2 points
What is it called if an extraneous variable systematically varies with the independent variable and influences the dependent variable?
Answers: a. Another dependent variable
b.
A confounding variable
c.
A moderating variable
d.
An unreliable variable
• Question 26
2 out of 2 points
A quasi-experimental design is appropriate to utilize if a researcher needs to run a research study using intact classrooms rather than randomly assigning participants to the groups.
Answers: a. True
b.
False
• Question 27
2 out of 2 points
The main focus of research studies that test hypothesis and theories about how and why events unfold is:
Answers: a. Descriptive
b.
Predictive
c.
Explanatory
d.
Exploratory
• Question 28
2 out of 2 points
In educational research, a non-equivalent comparison-group design is a quasi-experiment in which we cannot assure that the control and treatment groups are equivalent to each other at the start of the study. An interpretational difficulty created by this design is:
Answers: a. Measuring whether the two groups are different from each other on the posttest
b.
Deciding how much each group has gained
c.
Determining when enough data points are collected
d.
Being sure that any differences between groups at the end of the experiment are due to the independent variable's influence and not due to preexisting group differences
• Question 29
2 out of 2 points
In which of the examples below is the independent variable manipulated by the technique known as "presence versus absence"?
Answers: a. In one experimental condition teachers receive in-service training. In the other condition, the teachers receive no training.
b.
In one experimental condition teachers receive in-service training. In the other experimental condition the teachers receive a written training document for study.
c.
In one experimental condition, the teachers receive one day of in-service training. In the second condition, the teachers receive two days of training. In the third condition, the teachers receive three days of training.
d.
None of these examples use the presence versus absence technique.
• Question 30
2 out of 2 points
Which philosophy below states that we should use what works well in practice?
Answers: a. constructivism
b.
relativism
c.
pragmatism
d.
realism
• Question 31
2 out of 2 points
Which of the items below is a weakness of quantitative research?
Answers: a. It is difficult to test hypotheses and theories with large participant pools
b.
Data analysis is extremely time consuming
c.
It generally has lower credibility with commissioners of programs
d.
The researcher might miss out on some phenomena because of the focus on theory or hypothesis testing rather than on theory or hypothesis generation
• Question 32
2 out of 2 points
Of the following set of scores, what is the median: 18, 6, 12, 10, 14?
Answers: a. 10
b.
14
c.
18
d.
12
• Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which of the items below is a strength of quantitative research?
Answers: a. It is useful when studying large numbers of people
b.
Data are based on the participants' own categories of meaning
c.
Can describe in rich detail phenomena as they are situated and embedded in local contexts
d.
The researchers' theories will always reflect local constituencies' understandings
• Question 34
0 out of 2 points
When designing narrative inquiry studies:
Answers: a. there are specific procedures to follow.
b.
research questions guide the procedures that are used.
c.
there is no need to get IRB approval.
d.
researchers follow where participants' stories take them.
• Question 35
2 out of 2 points
Researcher Carson is studying peer groups in junior high students. She interviews 10 girls and 10 boys. Her study is a grounded theory study. She begins by creating codes as she looks through her transcriptions. These codes are known as:
Answers: a. A priori codes
b.
Post hoc codes
c.
Inductive codes
d.
Master list codes
• Question 36
2 out of 2 points
An IQ score of 100 is equivalent to a z score of ____.
Answers: a. 15
b.
1
c.
0
d.
-1
• Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Which fictional research study below is an example of "type technique" of variation of the independent variable?
Answers: a. All participants' reaction times are measured after ingesting two beers.
b.
In a study of distraction on reading comprehension, one group is distracted by noise, another by a flashing light, and a third by a bad odor.
c.
The control group gets no drug, one experimental group gets 5 mg/kg of a drug and a second experimental group gets 10 mg/kg of the drug.
d.
An experimental group receives 5 mg/kg of a drug and the control group receives no drug.
• Question 38
2 out of 2 points
California initiated legislation that required motorists to use seatbelts. That same year, the federal government decreased speed limits from 75 MPH to 60 MPH nationwide. Highway deaths decreased during the first year of the seatbelt law, and lawmakers attributed this decrease to a use of seatbelts. What kind of threat to internal validity was represented by the change in speed limits?
Answers: a. Maturation effect
b.
Instrumentation effect
c.
Testing effect
d.
History effect
• Question 39
2 out of 2 points
Which reason below is the most likely reason why a researcher would select a quasi-experimental research design?
Answers: a. The participants are maturing too fast
b.
The dependent variable cannot be measured reliably
c.
It is unethical to manipulate the independent variable
d.
Participants cannot be randomly assigned to groups
• Question 40
2 out of 2 points
Among the qualitative research approaches below, which focuses on the theory or explanation that emerges through data collection and analysis?
Answers: a. Phenomenology
b.
Ethnography
c.
Case study
d.
Grounded theory
• Question 41
2 out of 2 points
If a researcher cannot provide evidence that the independent variable preceded the effect in the dependent variable, then we have a threat to internal validity known as:
Answers: a. Ambiguous temporal precedence
b.
Proper time order
c.
Improper causal precedence
d.
Linear temporal precedence
• Question 42
2 out of 2 points
If a very affluent, wealthy family earning 6 billion dollars a year moved into your neighborhood, which of the following measures of central tendency for the income in your neighborhood would become substantially larger?
Answers: a. Mean
b.
Median
c.
Mode
d.
None of the above
• Question 43
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following should be avoided if you reject the null hypothesis?
Answers: a. Tentatively accepting the alternative hypothesis
b.
Claiming that your finding is statistically significant
c.
Claiming that you have proven the alternative hypothesis to be true
d.
Making sure that your result also is practically significant
• Question 44
0 out of 2 points
The amount of police officers in a city and the number of crimes committed are positively related. This relationship is:
Answers: a. A causal relationship
b.
A direct relationship
c.
A probabilistic causal relation
d.
A spurious relationship
• Question 45
2 out of 2 points
In a normal distribution, 95% of the scores fall between z scores of:
Answers: a. -1 thru +1
b.
-2 thru +2
c.
-3 thru +3
d.
0 thru + 3
• Question 46
2 out of 2 points
A human resource team is evaluating professors. In the department, Professor See has the highest ratings from students. A committee member suggests that a salary increase should be given to Professor See, and that this raise should be the highest in the department. Another committee member disagrees. She states, "Professor See receives high scores in comparison to other professors, because over 50% of the students drop out of Professor See's courses, and only successful students remain enrolled." What threat to the validity of the conclusion that Professor See is an excellent professor persists?
Answers: a. Maturation effect
b.
History effect
c.
Testing effect
d.
Differential attrition effect
• Question 47
2 out of 2 points
This threat to validity occurs if the way a variable is measured changes during the course of a study:
Answers: a. Testing effect
b.
Instrumentation effect
c.
Maturation effect
d.
Multiple-treatment interference
• Question 48
0 out of 2 points
Dr. Bright is studying schooling in a European culture. He gathers descriptions of instructors from students and uses their words and terms to describe the insight students have about education in the culture. In using their words, he is using _____ terms to describe education in the European culture that he is studying.
Answers: a. Etic
b.
Emic
c.
Naïve
d.
Non technical
• Question 49
2 out of 2 points
Qualitative data that has been transformed into typed text is:
Answers: a. Triangulation
b.
Transcription
c.
Speed typing
d.
Memoing
• Question 50
2 out of 2 points
When using a changing-criterion design, it is best to add changes in the criterion:
Answers: a. As soon as the prior criterion is met.
b.
When the previous criterion is met and the behavior has stabilized.
c.
Regardless of the previous criteria.
d.
After a fixed number of trials.
Sample Solution