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The digestive system

The digestive system is composed of two parts: the alimentary canal and the accessory digestive structures. These two parts of the system work together to break down food into absorbable units and eliminate the non-digested material as feces. Let’s begin by identifying each of the organs in the alimentary canal and the accessory digestive structures.

Choose one organ/structure and post details about it to begin the discussion. Choose a different organ for each of your follow up posts to ensure everyone has an opportunity to contribute.

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Sample Answer

I’ll start with the alimentary canal. The alimentary canal is a long, muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is divided into the following parts:

  • Mouth. The mouth is where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
  • Pharynx. The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the esophagus. It helps to move food from the mouth to the esophagus.
  • Esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis, the rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus, moves food down the esophagus.
  • Stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that churns and mixes food with gastric juices. Gastric juices contain enzymes that begin the chemical digestion of proteins.
  • Small intestine. The small intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal. It is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place.

Full Answer Section

  • Large intestine. The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from food, and forms feces.
  • Anus. The anus is the opening at the end of the alimentary canal. It is where feces are expelled from the body.

The accessory digestive structures are organs that help with the digestion of food, but are not part of the alimentary canal. These structures include:

  • Teeth. Teeth break down food into smaller pieces that are easier to digest.
  • Tongue. The tongue helps to move food around in the mouth and helps to swallow food.
  • Salivary glands. Salivary glands secrete saliva, which helps to moisten food and begin the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
  • Liver. The liver produces bile, which helps to digest fats.
  • Pancreas. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
  • Gallbladder. The gallbladder stores bile, which is released into the small intestine when food is present.

These are just some of the organs and structures that make up the digestive system. Together, they work to break down food into absorbable units and eliminate the non-digested material as feces.

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