The law related to negligence

Factual Scenario:
Steve was driving down the street approaching an intersection. At the intersection, Steve failed to see that the light had turned red and entered it. Carl, who was just entering the intersection on a green light, swerved to miss Steve's car. As a result of the swerve Carl hit a telephone pole, and it fell over hitting a car driven by Julie. Julie's car was a convertible and the pole hit the convertible's top, cut through it, and hit Julie in the head knocking her out. Julie's car had limited damage, but she suffered substantial injury to her head and neck. Carl is personally uninjured, but his car is totaled.
Questions:

  1. Fully summarize the law related to negligence (a review of negligence is located on pages 230 to 234 of the e-textbook).
  2. Analyze the facts in the factual scenario and decide under the tort of negligence if (a) Steve is liable for the injuries to Carl and Julie, and (b) if Carl is liable for the injuries to Julie. In your answer to this question, it is not enough to simply say whether they have been met or not. You must provide specific reasons based on the facts for your ruling.

Sample Solution

Negligence is a type of civil wrong or a tort, which occurs when an individual fails to exercise reasonable care and causes harm to another. Negligence involves four elements: duty, breach of duty, causation, and injury. Duty refers to an obligation on the part of one party toward another. Breach of Duty is when the breaching party does not act as any reasonable person would in similar circumstances. Causation is when the breach caused some kind of measurable harm or damage. Finally, Injury is the result of someone’s actions that caused physical or emotional distress for either property or individuals involved in negligence cases