The meaning of efficiency and effectiveness

  1. What is the meaning of efficiency and effectiveness? Please give an example of each. Which do you value more?
  2. What is Contingency theory? What are the four key variables typically associated with Contingency Theory? Offer an example using Contingency Theory variables.
  3. Describe one historical approach to the study of management (Scientific, Administrative, Quantitative, Behavioral, or Contemporary) or cite any individual or concept that you found of value.
  4. What were the Hawthorne Studies? What did they learn from these experiments? Why is it important for today’s managers to understand these studies?

Sample Solution