The new animal phylogeny; Reliability and implications.

1).Outline the "old" morphology based interpretation of the phylogeny of 'Animalia', with particular emphasis on the justification used to support it. 2). Discuss the major concepts and evolutionary themes associated with the "new" molecular-based reorganization. 3). What is particularly notable concerning the placement of the group called "Lophophorates" in the old phylogeny? NOTE: figure 1 of the paper is color-coded, which should help in your understanding of the reinterpretations of the various groups. 4). What are "SINE's" and "LINE's", and why are they relevant to this discussion? (you will need to look these up online) 5). Notice the ENTIRE taxon "Radiata" has completely disappeared in the 'new' phylogeny even though the exact same 3 groups (Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora) are all still placed together at the base of the clade. EXPLAIN (i.e. - Why does "Radiata" go away?) 6). Go to the citations section of the paper; Note reference # 28 (Aguinaldo, et al. [1997]). a). Go online and find the full citation. State the TITLE of the paper. b). Quote from the 'abstract' of that paper concerning what is the MOST significant finding of this research as it relates to the Adoutte paper (just 1 sentence). 7). The authors state that "The existence of each of the two protostome clades is thus greatly strengthened by ______________" What? EXPLAIN. 8). According to the Adoutte paper what have "We lost the hope of….."? 9). Briefly summarize, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, the last paragraph of this paper.              

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