Prompt Choices: Choose two to discuss. ( Please make sure to write the topic )
Discuss the relationship between body weight and health.
Explain the principle of energy balance and the components of energy expenditure (BMR, NEAT, TEF, EER). (USLO 9.2)
Discuss potential genetic and environmental factors that may affect body weight. (USLO 9.3)
Discuss diets, medications, and surgeries for weight loss. Be sure to incorporate the weight loss decision tree, and guidelines. (USLO 9.4)
Pick out 3 of the following eating disorders and outline them (USLO 9.5):
Anorexia athletica
Anorexia nervosa
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Bing-eating disorder
Bulimia nervosa
Diabulimia
Female athlete triad
Muscle dysmorphia
Night-eating syndrome
Pica
Rumination disorder
Selective eating disorder
Describe how food and physical activity interact to promote health and manage body weight. Be sure to discuss the ABC’s of behavior modification. (USLO 9.6)
Outline the relationship between nutrients and fueling physical activity and optimizing performance. (USLO 9.7)
Discuss the use of ergogenic aids. Pick out 5 of the ergogenic aids covered in the lecture/text and discuss their use and efficacy. (USLO 9.8)
Sample Answer
The principle operates in three states:
Neutral Balance (Weight Maintenance): Energy intake equals energy expenditure. Body weight remains stable.
Positive Balance (Weight Gain): Energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. The excess energy is stored, primarily as fat.
Negative Balance (Weight Loss): Energy intake is less than energy expenditure. The body draws upon stored energy (fat, muscle) to meet its needs.
Components of Energy Expenditure
Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the sum of all energy-requiring processes in the body. It is composed of four main factors:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):
Definition: The energy expended for all involuntary activities needed to sustain life, such as breathing, heart function, brain activity, and maintaining body temperature.
Contribution: This is the largest component, accounting for approximately 60–75% of TEE. BMR is influenced by body weight, lean body mass (muscle), sex, and age.
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT):
Definition: The energy expended for all physical activities that are not intentional exercise.
Contribution: Varies widely, from very little to a significant amount (up to 20–30% in highly active individuals). NEAT includes walking to work, gardening, fidgeting, standing, and household chores.
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF):
Definition: The energy required to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store the nutrients from the foods we eat.
Contribution: Accounts for about 5–10% of TEE. Protein has the highest TEF, meaning it requires more energy to process than carbohydrates or fat.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER):
Definition: This is a comprehensive term, often used synonymously with TEE, representing the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy person of a specific age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity level (PAL). It is calculated using formulas that incorporate the three components above plus a PAL factor.