You are a hospital nurse caring for a 62-year-old accountant who was admitted following a motor vehicle
accident. During her hospitalization, a significant lack of urination was detected. Her primary care physician has
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ordered significant testing while the patient is recovering from her injuries. (Learning Objective 2)
a. What circumstances could be causing her infrequent urination?
b. How can infrequent urination negatively impact a patient’s health?
c. Outline how urination may be affected by the effects of aging.
d. Describe the effects of decreased bladder and sphincter tone on urination.
e. What can cause decreased urinary structure muscle tone?
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