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Article Analysis

Select one of the four novels for consideration of a topic for your research paper and write a 10-12-page
essay with 10 or more references. Some topics for your choice include the following:
Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Jack Schaefer’s Shane, Chopin’s The Awakening, or Harris’ The Ghost.
Limit your topic to a thesis and select a specific area for examination; for instance, your thesis could be to
analyze the thematic structure of The Great Gatsby as the failure of the American Dream; or to examine each
character as a representation of class and class consciousness (especially establishing economic differences
between East and West Egg); or the thematic meaning of the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg as an organizing
principle of Fitzgerald’s novel. These are some examples, but feel free to select a thesis of your choice.
For Shane, several examples of a selected thesis could be pursued; for instance, you could examine the family
of Joe Starrett and how Shane reorganizes their relationship; or the theme of the closing of the American
frontier and its effect on Shane, the cattle industry and farming; or the historic Johnson County Cattle War and
how it relates to Shane.
The Awakening describes a Victorian woman and her inability to deal with the constraints of Victorian life. Her
awakening, because of a series of unique events, is not successful, but her condition reflects not only the
Victorian period but underlies many problems faced by women of the 20th and 21st centuries.
The Ghost is cynical, illuminating, hard-boiled, and passionately sensitive. It is a political thriller that takes
place in a world that is disrupted by terrorism. Lang himself, a former university student actor from Leicester,
and an ex-Prime Minister, lives in the secular world of political chaos. Somewhat based on ex-Prime Minister
Tony Blair, Harris’ book is a masterpiece of observation, contemporary events, interpretation, and analysis.
Above all, this novel has a serious theme which for the reader is enormous fun to read. One topic to consider is
your perception of the 21st century relationship between United States and Great Britain and their relationship
to international politics. You could relate the events in the novel to international politics. Have we become
insensitive to the violence that surrounds us? Looking at current international politics, how do you believe it
relates to The Ghost.

Sample Solution

Defined as “the sub-set of the selectorate whose support is necessary for the leader to remain in power”[20], the winning coalition, as shown above in Figure 3, is very important in determining whether a non-democratic regime can survive; the larger it becomes as a proportion of the selectorate, the greater the likelihood of the next most popular regime being able to take power. The size itself is mainly influenced by the type of authoritarian regime, and is particularly small in the case of monarchies, which, in the case of hereditary monarchies, only require the approval of a branch of the ruling family in order to survive. As explained by Bueno de Mesquita et al., “in autocratic systems, the winning coalition is often a small group of powerful individuals. [Thus] when a challenger emerges to the sitting leader and proposes an alternative allocation of resources, [the leader thwarts the challenge since he or she] retains a winning coalition”[21]; the size of which is in an inverse relationship with the likelihood of successful challenge, since fewer people must be ‘bought-off’. In fact, “the Selectorate Theory (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2005) theorises that it is the size difference between the selectorate and the winning coalition […] that is most important”[22] in influencing the survival of non-democratic regimes. This theory has, however, received much criticism. Largely, the extent to which it is true, that having a small winning coalition is the most significant factor affecting the survival of non-democratic regimes, is dependent on how stable the regime appears to be, since “high political instability should reduce the effect of corruption, because actors have less incentive to bribe a government when it is unlikely to survive”[23], meaning the loyalty of the ruler’s winning coalition may become less effective. Thus, in reality, if a challenge to power did arise, the ruler may not be able to rely on his winning coalition if they were, in fact, more confident in the challenger overthrowing the incumbent, as in this circumstance it is highly likely that they would switch allegiances. Furthermore, Clark and Stone argue that Bueno de Mesquita et al.’s analysis “suffers from omitted variable analysis [which] can make the results appear stronger than they are. Once this error is corrected, the results are no longer interesting.”[24] This empirically undermines the foundations of the theory which Bueno de Mesquita et al. try to argue.>

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