Superior Essay Writers

Automata

A line of developments connects the experimental automata to industrial automata and
programmable machines.
a) Describe major developments in history of automata in the 17th and 18th centuries.
b) Describe the connection between automata and textile industry.

c) Describe developments in automata which led to programmable machines using punch
cards

Sample Solution

In the 17th century, one of the major developments in automata history was the construction of mechanical musical instruments, such as player pianos and barrel organs. These were built along principles established by Dutch clock maker Christian Huygens, who published a book on the subject in 1673.

In the 18th century, further advances in automated machinery included automated looms that could weave complex patterns without human intervention. This technology was based on designs created by English engineer and inventor Edmund Cartwright and French watchmaker Jacques de Vaucanson.

In this experiment, small and large lima beans were used to test whether or not bean beetles had a preferred site size for oviposition. Our hypothesis proposed that if a preference was shown, a greater number of eggs would be oviposited on the larger lima beans compared to small lima beans. We predicted that they would prefer the larger bean because it has a greater surface area, therefore finding a spot on the bean to oviposit would be easier to do. On the contrary, our results show that we reject the null hypothesis due to the fact that our p-value was so extremely small. Because of this, we can conclude that C. maculatus prefer smaller sized lima beans for oviposition. The preference for a smaller lima bean could be due to a chemical cue preferred by, or undesirable to, bean beetles. Another reason could be that the nutrient to surface area ratio is greater, or because larger beans may be more appealing to predators. According to a similar experiment conducted by Jason Cope and Charles Fox, bean beetle eggs were distributed so that resources were maximized per individual offspring (2002). They found that females preferred a larger mass compared to surface area due to the quantity of resources available inside the seed. Although our experiments measured different variables, in both findings we can identify that a larger surface area is not ideal for bean beetle site preference for oviposition. In an experiment conducted by Grace Pitman, Tyler Flockhart, and Ryan Norris, they measured which size and what density of a milkweed patch was preferred by the monarch butterfly for oviposition (2018). Their results showed that a small, low-density patch had the highest egg density. This was because larger patches showed an increase in predator abundance (Flockhart et al. 2018). When determining sites for oviposition, the one that increases probability of offspring survival is more desirable. Therefore, choosing a small, low-density site for oviposition increased the probability that the offspring would survive and reproduce. This relates to our experiment because we tested to find the preferred site that would increase survival in bean beetle offspring and increase fitness for its parent.>

GET ANSWER