Money and Banking
- Based on the information provided below about banks A and B, compute for each bank its return on assets
(ROA), return on equity (ROE) and leverage ratio.
a. Bank A has net profit after taxes of $1.8 million and the balance sheet below:
Bank A
(in millions)
Assets Liabilities
Reserves $5 Deposits $100
Loans $70 Borrowing $10
Securities $45 Bank Capital $10
b. Bank B has net profit after taxes of $0.9 million and the balance sheet below:
Bank B
(in millions)
Assets Liabilities
Reserves $7.5 Deposits $75.0
Loans $55.0 Borrowing $3.0
Securities $23.5 Bank Capital $8.0 - Explain how a bank uses liability management to respond to a deposit outflow. Why do banks prefer liability
management to asset management?
FRED QUESTIONS
- Are U.S. banks increasing in size? Use FRED to plot since 1984 on a quarterly basis the number of U.S.
commercial banks (FRED code: USNUM) and, on the right scale, the volume of their deposits (FRED code:
DPSACBM027SBOG). Download the data and compute the average deposit size of banks in the first quarters
of 1984 and 2016. - What share of U.S. banks fail? Plot since 2000 the fraction (in percent) of bank failures (FRED code:
BKFTTLA641N) relative to the number of banks (FRED code: USNUM). Comment on the timing and the
proportion of failures. Were most of the failing banks large or small?
Sample Solution
e one limitation of Chealldurai’s model is that it assumes the leader is in a position of complete positional power over the group, and can implement any leadership style of their choosing without constraints. Positional power is the authority and influence a leader has over a group, if the leader has positional power, they will be able to implement the leadership style they best see fit for the situation. Positional power cannot be measured or quantified, making it highly ambiguous and hard for a leader to understand whether they have it or how then can gain it. It becomes the responsibility of the organisation to have policies in place to provide leaders with some positional power, usually by establishing a clear hierarchal structure. By establishing a hierarchy, the leader is perceived by the group to be able to make demands and expect compliance from them giving the leader legitimate power (French and Raven, 1959). Secondly, by providing the leader with the ability to reward compliance and punish non compliance from the group, the leader has reward and coercive power (French and Raven, 1959). To obtain complete power over the group the leader must gain the trust and belief of the group that they are capable of success, by ensuring the group are both satisfied and meeting performance goals. The importance of establishing a hierarchy became evident during the planning stage of the outdoor management course for the red team, the coordinators within the team assumed leadership roles but were unable to gain positional power due to the team being a peer group (Pettinger, 2007). The leaders selected had little authority and influence over the group as everyone was perceived to have the same rank, status and occupation, hence the leaders had none of French and Ravens five bases of power (Pettinger, 2007). The result was leaders with no positional power over the group, so could not direct the group with the method of leadership required for the situation. The task had significant constraints, particularly a short time frame and a large group size, for this situation Che>
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