Relationship between melanin and café au lait spots as seen in various diseases

Explain the relationship between melanin and café au lait spots as seen in various diseases, such as neurofibromatosis.

Sample Solution

Melanin is a pigment that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes. It also plays a role in many diseases like Neurofibromatosis (NF). NF is characterized by the presence of café au lait spots on the skin. These spots are caused by an increase in melanin production which results in lighter areas of skin that can range from tan to brown in color. The increased amount of melanin causes the skin surrounding these spots to be darker than normal. 

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