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Oprah Winfrey was born in a poor rural town in Mississippi in 1954. While her unmarried teenage mother looked for work in the North, Oprah lived with her grandmother, who taught her to read at an early age. She had a loving home and the support of her church community.
When Oprah was six years old, her mother found work as a housemaid in Wisconsin. Oprah went to live with her, spending long days at home while her mother was at work. During that time she was abused by several men and ran away. By age 14 she was living on her own.
After further troubles, she moved to Tennessee to live with her father, who was a barber. He enforced strict rules, such as making her read a book every week and write a report about it. She became an honor student and won a full scholarship to Tennessee State University.
Selected as Miss Black Tennessee at age 17, she got a job at a local radio station. Soon she moved to television as a news reporter and anchor. The Oprah Winfrey Show began in Chicago in 1985 and aired nationally starting the following year. It attracted huge numbers of viewers. Over time she focused her show increasingly on spiritual values and healthy living. She promoted federal legislation to strengthen protection against child sexual abuse. In 2011 she started a new nightly TV show, Oprah’s Lifeclass, on which she accepted audience questions by Skype (an Internet voice service), Facebook, and Twitter.
- List three factors in Oprah Winfrey’s socialization that affected her development. (5 points)
- What social class was Oprah Winfrey part of during her childhood, between ages 6 and 14? Give one piece of evidence to support this conclusion. What are two social institutions she used to move to a different class? (5 points)
. Using a symbolic-interaction framework, comment on how Oprah Winfrey’s biography illustrates the relationship between mass media and health. (5 points)
- What technological change did Oprah Winfrey introduce into her programming in the 21st century that would not have been possible when she first went on television? What audience was she targeting with this new technology? (5 points)
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