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Here are some examples of each approach:

Utilitarian Approach:

• A doctor who decides to perform an operation that has a 50% chance of saving the patient’s life, even though the operation also has a 50% chance of killing the patient. The doctor is making the decision based on the potential consequences of the operation, and believes that the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.
• A company that decides to lay off employees in order to save money. The company is making the decision based on the potential consequences of the layoff, and believes that the financial benefits outweigh the social costs.

Deontological Approach:

• A soldier who refuses to follow an order to kill an innocent civilian. The soldier is making the decision based on their moral principles, and believes that it is wrong to kill an innocent person, regardless of the consequences.
• A person who refuses to lie to their parents about their whereabouts. The person is making the decision based on their moral principles, and believes that it is wrong to lie to their parents, regardless of the consequences.

These are just two examples of the four approaches to ethical reasoning. There are many other examples that could be given, and each approach can be applied to different situations. It is important to consider all of the approaches when making ethical decisions, and to choose the approach that you believe is best in the given situation.